<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373</id><updated>2012-02-08T22:59:48.837Z</updated><title type='text'>matéria textual</title><subtitle type='html'>textos artigos opiniões estudos estranhezas arte cultura políticas culturais comunicação</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>59</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7927185686053647326</id><published>2010-12-20T12:04:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-02-20T18:33:14.228Z</updated><title type='text'>Pequeno contributo para entender a crise</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/TQ9GckmJ28I/AAAAAAAAAJs/wPgEfnsnrI4/s1600/65854_1738496063702_1277643923_1947953_2860303_n.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; 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margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 316px; height: 320px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/TP1rYoYCBbI/AAAAAAAAAJk/l-1e-R7t7Ak/s320/20070219144232.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5547708386889565618" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'Arial Narrow', fantasy;"&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:-webkit-xxx-large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:Georgia, fantasy;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:Georgia, fantasy;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'Arial Narrow', -webkit-fantasy;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:-webkit-xxx-large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:Georgia, fantasy;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; "&gt;Fotografia da série &lt;i&gt;Circunstâncias Atenuantes&lt;/i&gt; 2003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;!--StartFragment--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Jorge Molder&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;O fotógrafo e o seu duplo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;: O presente trabalho constitui-se como uma reflexão sobre o conceito de &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;personificação &lt;/i&gt;presente na obra de Jorge Molder, nomeadamente na fotografia assinalada constante da série realizada em 2003, com o título &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;Circunstâncias Atenuantes&lt;/i&gt;. No âmbito deste trabalho, entende-se por &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;personificação&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a name="OLE_LINK1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name="OLE_LINK2"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"&gt;a representação figurativa de uma ideia ou de uma coisa abstracta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. No caso específico de Jorge Molder a ideia de &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;persona&lt;/i&gt; / máscara tem sido um dos temas centrais no desenvolvimento e caracterização da sua obra fotográfica. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;  &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 200%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;“O mundo é como um actor no palco: está lá, mas é outra coisa”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt;                                                                                     &lt;/span&gt;(Bernardo Soares &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;in&lt;/i&gt; O livro do Desassossego)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;  &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:20.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;A imagem objecto deste trabalho faz parte de uma série de 12 zincos e 16 fotografias, intitulada &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;Circunstâncias Atenuantes&lt;/i&gt; e realizada em 2003. A série teve como inspiração o filme &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;The Red Shoes &lt;/i&gt;(1948) baseado no conto com o mesmo título de Hans Christian Andersen. As afinidades entre o trabalho do fotógrafo e as imagens do filme determinaram a realização da série. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;I &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;A máscara diante da cara&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Diz-nos H. Lefèbvre “As coisas são o que são. E, no entanto, elas não são o que são: elas escondem sempre qualquer outra coisa”. Ao olharmos para esta fotografia de Jorge Molder procuramos, na razão directa do nosso entendimento comum em relação à arte fotográfica, o reconhecimento do retratado. O retrato, neste caso o auto-retrato, surge-nos numa leitura objectiva como imagem análoga do retratado. Contudo, não conseguimos reconhecer na imagem uma correspondência com alguém que possamos conceber realmente. Somos imediatamente transportados para fora dos domínios da percepção objectiva e temos de recorrer às faculdades de representação, nas quais encontramos a nossa capacidade imaginativa repassada de sensações. Estamos, desde logo, no campo subjectivo das ficções. Ou melhor, num espaço que, liberto das amarras do &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;analogon&lt;/i&gt; nos permite construir a ficção. Molder apresenta-nos uma construção, uma mensagem cifrada à espera de decifração. Constrói uma personagem que procura situar longe de si, fechando os caminhos que possam conduzir à identificação e ao reconhecimento. Não nos deixa permanecer nos terrenos apaziguadores da &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;mimesis&lt;/i&gt;, forçando a nossa interpelação pela estranheza que tal “objecto” nos provoca. A máscara que revela a personagem também a destrói. Ao acentuar a predominância dos olhos, Molder tira-lhes o sentido da sua pertença à homogeneidade daquele rosto transformando-o em algo que já não reconhecemos enquanto humano. Surge, assim, a &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;persona&lt;/i&gt;, aquilo que nos permite a representação figurativa de uma ideia ou de uma coisa abstracta. Não estamos mais no domínio da auto-representação, mas sim no da representação. Daí, a obra de Molder não poder ser incluída na categoria do auto-retrato. É certo que o próprio fotógrafo se torna modelo, contudo, não se retrata a si próprio, retrata, sim, personagens que vai criando e que atira para longe de si, acentuando a sua submissão à crítica e ao discurso só possíveis no distanciamento. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;O retratista dá por acabada a sua obra quando esta responde às expectativas de reconhecimento do retratado. Na obra de Molder os retratos são ficções, pequenas histórias sem inserção no real, desmultiplicação de personagens que, em &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;performance,&lt;/i&gt; cartografam um território não identificado e limitam a nossa possibilidade de reconhecimento. Poderíamos então perguntar qual a origem e o destino de cada imagem? Talvez Molder responda quando afirma “Na nossa memória as coisas que não nos aconteceram são naturalmente mais numerosas do que aquelas que vivemos. É esta evidência tão grosseira que nos afasta de tudo o resto que anda por aqui.” (Jorge Molder, catálogo de &lt;em&gt;La reine vous salue...&lt;/em&gt;, 2001.)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;II&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;A &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;série&lt;/i&gt; enquanto narrativa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;As &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;séries&lt;/i&gt; de Molder propõem-nos uma sequência cinematográfica, contudo “não há nada mais longe do cinema do que a fotografia e apesar disso estas fotografias são cinema” (Benard da Costa). Em &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;Circunstâncias Atenuantes,&lt;/i&gt; Molder trabalha directamente a partir de imagens fílmicas. No entanto, a imagem apresentada remete-nos para um tempo que se suspende, como se num filme a revelação do fotograma, ao interromper os nexos da narrativa, desse lugar à contemplação, ao comprazimento desinteressado de que fala Kant.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Apesar de presente na imagem Molder assume a sua ausência enquanto narrador, porque o sentido só pode ser construído com o olhar do outro. Talvez, por isso, o seu rosto - que obsessivamente procura ocultar - revele esse desejo de se retirar de qualquer coisa que se consuma simplesmente na imposição de um conceito. Principio, meio e fim: como em três palavras se resolve a obra de um artista! Procurando contrariar este previsível reducionismo, as “fotografias em aberto” de Molder dão-se ao receptor o qual, através do &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;reenvio&lt;/i&gt; proposto por Jauss, é investido de um poder de apropriação que transcende a mera apreciação estética. Falamos, pois, de uma obra em circulação. Não de uma obra que remeta para o reconhecimento do autor enquanto dono dos seus enredos, mas de uma obra colaborativa na qual o artista cumpre o papel de enunciador, cabendo ao espectador o &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;acomplishment&lt;/i&gt; dos seus sentidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;III&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Uma fotografia sem figurativismo &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Na obra de Jorge Molder o conceito de &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;representação&lt;/i&gt; não é o da representação naturalista de um mundo exterior. Bem pelo contrário, é na &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;representação&lt;/i&gt; de um mundo interior que o seu trabalho ganha sentido. Como o próprio diz “Percebemos quase tudo da vida à excepção de um pequeno detalhe”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Qual é, então, esse detalhe? Embora o seu &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;medium&lt;/i&gt; seja a fotografia, ela serve como intermediária da nossa relação com algo que não está lá enquanto marca de acontecimento. Podemos dizer que também não é a exibição do &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;medium&lt;/i&gt; que desperta o nosso interesse. É no rosto do artista enquanto máscara, ou melhor, no jogo que o próprio estabelece entre a sua ocultação e o seu desvendamento, no duplo que o dispositivo lhe possibilita dar a conhecer, que encontramos o &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;studium&lt;/i&gt; que nos facilite, no apelo ao entendimento, esboçar um registo. Somos, assim, compelidos a dar seguimento a uma narrativa&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt; &lt;/i&gt;da qual Molder nos oferece somente uma breve passagem. Por detrás da máscara não está o processo mas sim o texto a precisar de ser escrito. O detalhe, que ainda falta, perdeu-se na ausência de um &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;punctum &lt;/i&gt;que não nos serve somente enquanto atractivo do olhar que se fixa e se prende. Mas, como afirma Barthes [Sei agora que existe um outro &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;punctum&lt;/i&gt; (um outro “estigma”) além do pormenor. Este novo &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;punctum&lt;/i&gt;, que já não é forma, mas intensidade, é o Tempo, é a ênfase dolorosa do noema (…)].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt; (Roland Barthes, A Câmara Clara, 1980)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;IV&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;A ausência do instante&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Ao encontrar o fotógrafo do outro lado, sentimo-nos traídos na nossa expectativa de reconhecer o real porque vemos o nosso intermediário feito personagem que se compraz na construção de uma ficção. Ao trair as nossas expectativas, Molder (o seu duplo) passa a ser objecto e acontecimento construídos num tempo ficcional, sem instante. Mas, devolvido ao espectador, esse tempo torna-o cúmplice obrigatório do fotógrafo na (re)construção dos nexos deliberadamente interrompidos. E só então a sua função é plenamente cumprida. Nas fotografias de Jorge Molder convoca-se um espectador activo, que não se iniba de participar no jogo.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;V&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Ao espelho &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;1. Ao situar o seu trabalho no campo da criação de ficções, Jorge Molder recria-se enquanto &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;personificação&lt;/i&gt;. Poderíamos, nalguns aspectos, comparar a sua obra com a de Helena Almeida mas, enquanto esta - que se assume como não-fotógrafa – mergulha o corpo na tela para aí se tornar “realidade” pictórica, Molder destrói qualquer tentativa que nos possibilite uma leitura visual assente na exclusiva observação da bidimensionalidade do suporte. Contudo, talvez o consigamos rever no trabalho de Francesca Wodman (na utilização que faz do corpo enquanto representação introspectiva) ou no de Jonh Coplans (na exposição de um corpo também ele sem identidade) mas isso são outros corpos e outras narrativas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:2.2pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 200%"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; "&gt;2. “Não, eu não penso que um espelho possa determinar a minha individualidade. Isso é outra questão. Mas ele produz um estranho efeito, porque eu descubro alguém que, de alguma forma, é o meu duplo. Eu reconheço-o. Eu reconheço alguns traços que me pertencem, mas ao mesmo tempo, eu não me reconheço a mim próprio no espelho ou, se quiserem, nas imagens que produzo.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:200%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;(Jorge Molder, &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;Luxury Bound&lt;/i&gt;, 1999)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;____________________________&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Bibliografia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"&gt;Jonh Coplans / Ian Hunt / Delfim Sardo (1999). &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;Luxury Bound Photographs by Jorge Molder&lt;/i&gt;. Electa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Molder, Jorge (1996). &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;Anatomia e Boxe&lt;/i&gt;. Porto: CPF&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Barthes, Roland (2006). &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;A Câmara Clara&lt;/i&gt; – Nota sobre a fotografia. Lisboa: Edições 70&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Alberto Pimenta / Eulália Barros / João Barrento / Y.K.Centeno (1981). &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;A (Más) cara diante da cara&lt;/i&gt;. Lisboa: Ed. Presença.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Gil, José (1980) &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"&gt;Metamorfoses do Corpo&lt;/i&gt;. Lisboa: A Regra do Jogo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Sítio de Jorge Molder na &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;internet&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jorgemolder.com"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;www.jorgemolder.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;_____________________________&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Carlos Pimenta &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Arial Narrow&amp;quot;"&gt;Fevereiro de 2009&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5077099274711218947?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5077099274711218947/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5077099274711218947' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5077099274711218947'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5077099274711218947'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2010/12/jorge-molder-grande-premio-edp-arte.html' title='Jorge Molder - Grande Prémio EDP Arte 2010'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/TP1rYoYCBbI/AAAAAAAAAJk/l-1e-R7t7Ak/s72-c/20070219144232.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3741101569873344502</id><published>2010-05-27T23:05:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2010-05-27T23:18:01.876+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Cortes orçamentais no Ministério da Cultura</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_7vFUoe6kI/AAAAAAAAAJM/0X32CGtHROA/s1600/fountain.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 271px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5476077071645993538" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_7vFUoe6kI/AAAAAAAAAJM/0X32CGtHROA/s320/fountain.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;A cultura e os artistas sempre foram o parente pobre da "distribuição" orçamental. Só que, se aqui há alguns anos bastava alguma pressão pública nos media para que não fosse ainda mais escandalosa a percentagem do OE atribuída ao sector, hoje em dia, a mercantilização da arte (ver Lipovetsy abaixo) e a consequente perda de peso público dos artistas enquanto promotores de ideias transformadoras (longe vão os tempos dos ideais de transformação que a arte preconizava) a situação chegou a um beco sem saída. Sem capacidade de pressão e sem apoio público (o público está mais preocupado em aguentar-se em pé do que em aplaudir de pé!) talvez tenha chegado a altura de (prosseguindo a temática religiosa de um post anterior) fazermos todos um acto de contrição.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3741101569873344502?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3741101569873344502/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3741101569873344502' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3741101569873344502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3741101569873344502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2010/05/cortes-orcamentais-no-ministerio-da.html' title='Cortes orçamentais no Ministério da Cultura'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_7vFUoe6kI/AAAAAAAAAJM/0X32CGtHROA/s72-c/fountain.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-1039168694660151612</id><published>2010-05-20T17:35:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2010-05-20T17:39:47.138+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Um obra essencial para compreender a cultura da hipermodernidade</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VlxgJSqNI/AAAAAAAAAJE/m0aRUac8G9s/s1600/CulturaMundo%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 120px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 181px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473392823255607506" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VlxgJSqNI/AAAAAAAAAJE/m0aRUac8G9s/s320/CulturaMundo%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Cultura-Mundo, resposta a uma sociedade desorientada (Gilles Lipovetsky e Jean Serroy. Edições 70: Lisboa 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aqui fica um excerto:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[No momento em que se dá a mundialização das indústrias do imaginário e do ciberespaço, a cultura é uma indústria, um complexo mediático-mercantil que funciona como um dos principais motores do crescimento dos países desenvolvidos (…) À antiga separação cultura/comércio sucedeu uma lógica de anexação da cultura pela ordem mercantil, instituindo uma verdadeira economia cultural transnacional. Os debates sobre a “excepção cultural” e, depois, sobre a “diversidade cultural” traduzem de maneira directa o novo peso económico da cultura, que os Estados devem agora defender nas grandes negociações internacionais.] &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-1039168694660151612?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/1039168694660151612/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=1039168694660151612' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1039168694660151612'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1039168694660151612'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2010/05/um-obra-essencial-para-compreender.html' title='Um obra essencial para compreender a cultura da hipermodernidade'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VlxgJSqNI/AAAAAAAAAJE/m0aRUac8G9s/s72-c/CulturaMundo%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-4092337109110490454</id><published>2010-05-20T15:27:00.005+01:00</published><updated>2010-05-20T19:14:36.430+01:00</updated><title type='text'>A governação supranacional</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VKDMjfjuI/AAAAAAAAAIk/TJyIi0PJy5Y/s1600/portugal_bumper_sticker-p128606241478810535trl0_400%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473362340908863202" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VKDMjfjuI/AAAAAAAAAIk/TJyIi0PJy5Y/s320/portugal_bumper_sticker-p128606241478810535trl0_400%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Aí está ela em todo o seu esplendor... a governação supranacional. As recentes medidas anunciadas pelo governo português não são mais que o reflexo do novo conceito de governação que agora se faz sentir na prática. Anunciada, até agora, em termos mais ou menos teóricos, chegou com um pragmatismo que desarma qualquer possibilidade de contestação. O contraditório já passou de nível. Sócrates e Teixeira dos Santos já não passam de peões num tabuleiro do qual temos dificuldade em memorizar os nomes das peças (alguém consegue dizer o nome do actual Presidente da UE?). As facturas dos fundos europeus começam a chegar...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-4092337109110490454?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/4092337109110490454/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=4092337109110490454' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4092337109110490454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4092337109110490454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2010/05/governacao-supranacional.html' title='A governação supranacional'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VKDMjfjuI/AAAAAAAAAIk/TJyIi0PJy5Y/s72-c/portugal_bumper_sticker-p128606241478810535trl0_400%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2843043963839727636</id><published>2010-05-14T22:56:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2010-05-20T16:16:43.976+01:00</updated><title type='text'>O terceiro segredo de Fátima</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VSR0ktjjI/AAAAAAAAAI8/Gk6T7tp7kKc/s1600/cover1%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 229px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5473371388262583858" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VSR0ktjjI/AAAAAAAAAI8/Gk6T7tp7kKc/s320/cover1%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VP7GMSTkI/AAAAAAAAAI0/_fovA3Krk9I/s1600/story%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VN10uZI-I/AAAAAAAAAIs/-swetLu5u3w/s1600/albert-einstein-religion%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;O Papa Bento XVI proclamou no CCB que a missão dos artistas é “enaltecer o belo”. Este é que é o terceiro segredo de Fátima. Se Fátima foi uma verdadeira ficção para domesticar ainda mais um povo inculto e ignorante, este terceiro segredo não é mais do que a domesticação da arte destinada a ser somente algo de ornamental e acrítico do hipercapitalismo em que vivemos. Ou seja, a arte - bem comportada - deve ser uma mercadoria “bonita”. A partir desta proclamação, estabelece-se uma diferença entre alinhados e não-alinhados. A arte que estimula o sentido crítico passa a ser contra-revolucionária, isto porque parece que aquilo que o Papa proferiu terá sido, na opinião de muitos dos presentes “muito revolucionário”. Quase cem anos após as “aparições” regressam os propósitos que as impuseram em termos nacionais e internacionais: um pensamento único, discriminatório, exclusivo. Só que desta vez o “povo” não se desloca a pé encostado ao cajado para ver uma azinheira. Se o Papa veste Prada, o “povo” veste Armani. Quanto ao resto… está tudo mais ou menos na mesma.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2843043963839727636?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2843043963839727636/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2843043963839727636' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2843043963839727636'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2843043963839727636'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2010/05/o-treceiro-segredo-de-fatima.html' title='O terceiro segredo de Fátima'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/S_VSR0ktjjI/AAAAAAAAAI8/Gk6T7tp7kKc/s72-c/cover1%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-764853903600811651</id><published>2009-12-21T20:01:00.004Z</published><updated>2010-05-20T16:07:28.484+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Depois de Hopenhagen</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sy_VZIIWbOI/AAAAAAAAAIc/C977wwy0jYQ/s1600-h/ist2_7454264-world-golfball-in-the-desert.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 205px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417783504405949666" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sy_VZIIWbOI/AAAAAAAAAIc/C977wwy0jYQ/s320/ist2_7454264-world-golfball-in-the-desert.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Depois do fracasso da cimeira de Copenhaga, Portugal dá o exemplo de boas práticas ambientais e anuncia um mega empreendimento turistico no Alentejo no qual serão construídos quatro campos de golfe. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Qual o impacto ambiental? Nenhum...pois como se sabe o clima do Alentejo é igualzinho ao da Escócia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-764853903600811651?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/764853903600811651/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=764853903600811651' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/764853903600811651'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/764853903600811651'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/12/depois-de-hopenhagen.html' title='Depois de Hopenhagen'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sy_VZIIWbOI/AAAAAAAAAIc/C977wwy0jYQ/s72-c/ist2_7454264-world-golfball-in-the-desert.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2336032983643145450</id><published>2009-12-15T09:30:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-12-15T09:36:28.128Z</updated><title type='text'>Manoel de Oliveira - uma frase</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SydYg3RjStI/AAAAAAAAAIU/pbi55LKz730/s1600-h/08140224%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 213px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5415394398552935122" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SydYg3RjStI/AAAAAAAAAIU/pbi55LKz730/s320/08140224%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"tudo na vida se move até ao último momento"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2336032983643145450?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2336032983643145450/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2336032983643145450' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2336032983643145450'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2336032983643145450'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/12/manoel-de-oliveira-uma-frase.html' title='Manoel de Oliveira - uma frase'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SydYg3RjStI/AAAAAAAAAIU/pbi55LKz730/s72-c/08140224%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-4119531102127819936</id><published>2009-12-08T16:19:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-12-08T16:27:00.125Z</updated><title type='text'>Home - O filme</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sx5-SxyWKUI/AAAAAAAAAIM/dFWMfmvlH48/s1600-h/google-earth-api.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 250px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5412902663213164866" border="0" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sx5-SxyWKUI/AAAAAAAAAIM/dFWMfmvlH48/s320/google-earth-api.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sx59j34AJ2I/AAAAAAAAAIE/b_P8tPVEj8Y/s1600-h/earth-light%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Na semana em que começa a &lt;strong&gt;Mãe de todas as Cimeiras&lt;/strong&gt; (é que se esta não der resultado arriscamo-nos a não ter cá ninguém para fazer outra) aqui fica um filme (lindíssimo, é o mínimo que se pode dizer) sobre aquilo que andamos a fazer à nossa casa... que está a precisar de obras urgentes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;(clique no título para ver o filme)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-4119531102127819936?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU' title='Home - O filme'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/4119531102127819936/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=4119531102127819936' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4119531102127819936'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4119531102127819936'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/12/home-o-filme.html' title='Home - O filme'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/Sx5-SxyWKUI/AAAAAAAAAIM/dFWMfmvlH48/s72-c/google-earth-api.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2402162790824582631</id><published>2009-12-05T17:42:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-12-05T17:46:50.714Z</updated><title type='text'>Humberto Eco - excerto do excerto</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxqcIZYvxQI/AAAAAAAAAH8/WHyn4uffIlk/s1600-h/2916727323_10fdc55338%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 206px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411809570306639106" border="0" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxqcIZYvxQI/AAAAAAAAAH8/WHyn4uffIlk/s320/2916727323_10fdc55338%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Fiquei fascinado com Stendhal aos 13 anos e com Thomas Mann aos 15 e, aos 16, adorava Chopin. A seguir, passei a vida a tentar conhecer o resto. Neste momento, Chopin voltou a estar no topo da lista. Quando interagimos com as coisas da nossa vida, tudo muda. Se nada mudar, somos idiotas."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2402162790824582631?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2402162790824582631/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2402162790824582631' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2402162790824582631'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2402162790824582631'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/12/humberto-eco-excerto-do-excerto.html' title='Humberto Eco - excerto do excerto'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxqcIZYvxQI/AAAAAAAAAH8/WHyn4uffIlk/s72-c/2916727323_10fdc55338%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-8424489684948907182</id><published>2009-12-05T17:37:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-12-05T17:46:01.223Z</updated><title type='text'>Humberto Eco - excerto de uma entrevista ao Jornal i</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxqbSGWSr4I/AAAAAAAAAH0/XV4w_UiU7iE/s1600-h/Umberto%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 267px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 320px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411808637483134850" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxqbSGWSr4I/AAAAAAAAAH0/XV4w_UiU7iE/s320/Umberto%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Está a dizer que os professores deviam ensinar aos estudantes a diferença entre bom e mau? E, nesse caso, como o fariam?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A educação deveria regressar às estratégias das oficinas da Renascença. Aí, os mestres podiam não ser capazes de explicar aos alunos por que razão uma pintura era boa em termos teóricos, mas faziam-no de maneiras mais práticas. Olha, isto é o aspecto que o teu dedo pode ter e este é aquele que deve ter. Olha, esta é uma boa combinação de cores. A mesma abordagem deveria ser utilizada nas escolas quando se lida com a internet. O professor deveria dizer: "Escolham qualquer assunto: a história da Alemanha ou a vida das formigas. Pesquisem em 25 páginas web diferentes, comparando-as, e tentem descobrir qual tem informação importante e pertinente". Se dez páginas disserem a mesma coisa, pode ser sinal de que essa informação está correcta. Mas isso também pode acontecer porque alguns sites se limitaram a copiar os erros dos outros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quanto a si, é mais provável que trabalhe com livros; tem uma biblioteca de 30 mil volumes. Provavelmente não funciona sem uma lista ou catálogo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Receio bem que, nesta altura, já sejam 50 mil livros. Quando a minha secretária os quis catalogar, pedi-lhe que não o fizesse. Os meus interesses mudam constantemente, tal como a minha biblioteca. A propósito, se os nossos interesses mudarem constantemente, a nossa biblioteca dirá algo de diferente sobre nós. Além disso, mesmo sem um catálogo, vejo-me forçado a lembrar-me dos meus livros. Tenho uma sala para literatura com 70 metros de comprimento. Percorro-a várias vezes por dia e sinto--me bem quando o faço. Cultura não é saber quando morreu Napoleão. Cultura significa saber como vou descobrir isso em dois minutos. Claro que, hoje em dia, posso encontrar esse tipo de informação na internet em menos de um ai. Mas, como disse, com a internet nunca se sabe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Incluiu uma lista simpática feita pelo filósofo francês Roland Barthes no seu novo livro, "A Vertigem das Listas". Ele enumera as coisas de que gosta e as de que não gosta. Gosta de salada, de canela, de queijo e de especiarias. Não gosta de ciclistas, de mulheres de calças compridas, de gerânios, de morangos e de harpa. E o senhor?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eu seria louco se respondesse; significaria rotular-me. Fiquei fascinado com Stendhal aos 13 anos e com Thomas Mann aos 15 e, aos 16, adorava Chopin. A seguir, passei a vida a tentar conhecer o resto. Neste momento, Chopin voltou a estar no topo da lista. Quando interagimos com as coisas da nossa vida, tudo muda. Se nada mudar, somos idiotas. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-8424489684948907182?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/8424489684948907182/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=8424489684948907182' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/8424489684948907182'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/8424489684948907182'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/12/humberto-eco-excerto-de-uma-entrevista.html' title='Humberto Eco - excerto de uma entrevista ao Jornal i'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxqbSGWSr4I/AAAAAAAAAH0/XV4w_UiU7iE/s72-c/Umberto%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6077456994010293726</id><published>2009-12-04T12:34:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-12-04T12:41:19.168Z</updated><title type='text'>Shipwreck</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxkDX56EyyI/AAAAAAAAAHs/3XJsQQ8p9kE/s1600-h/Brig-WASHINGTON-shipwreck.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 248px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411360136478640930" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxkDX56EyyI/AAAAAAAAAHs/3XJsQQ8p9kE/s320/Brig-WASHINGTON-shipwreck.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Pela primeira vez, este ano a dívida do Estado e das empresas públicas à banca e em títulos ultrapassa a riqueza produzida no País. Factura com juros vai subir nos próximos meses&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A dívida do Estado, incluindo as empresas públicas, deverá este ano atingir 113,3% do produto interno bruto (PIB), contra 93% do PIB em 2008. Os empréstimos públicos contraídos à economia - no montante de 182,6 mil milhões de euros - através de créditos bancários e em títulos como as obrigações do Tesouro, aumentaram 28 mil milhões de euros, em relação a 2008, uma verba que daria para construir cinco aeroportos como o de Alcochete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A dívida directa do Estado - contraída junto de investidores portugueses e estrangeiros, para financiar sucessivos défices orçamentais que serviram para pagar despesas com a Saúde, Educação, Defesa, investimentos e salários públicos, pensões - deverá orçar em 132,5 mil milhões de euros, de acordo com os últimos dados divulgados pelo Ministério das Finanças.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Só a dívida do Estado, sem contabilizar as empresas públicas, no final deste ano deverá representar 81,2% do PIB e, em 2010, deverá alcançar os 90% da produção, atingindo os 100% em 2013, tal como sublinhou o Fundo Monetário Internacional esta semana. Mas, para este ano, isto significa mais despesa para além do estimado em Setembro passado, pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística, quando se calculava um endividamento de 74,5% do produto. Contas feitas, após sucessivas alterações orçamentais, o Estado endivida-se este ano em 15 mil milhões de euros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A somar à dívida do Estado, estão os passivos das empresas públicas, a maioria titulados em empréstimos bancários e em emissões de títulos, como as obri- gações. Para não aumentar o défice orçamental, a maioria destas EP são "empurradas" a endividarem-se, assumindo custos financeiros crescentes. No final de Setembro, a dívida conjunta das cerca de 80 empresas publicas atingia os 50 mil milhões de euros, 31% do PIB, de acordo com dados ontem divulgados.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metade desta dívida está concentrada nas Estradas de Portugal, Refer e CP. Em apenas um ano, estas empresas aumentaram o passivo em 1,8 mil milhões de euros, 1,1% da riqueza do país. O Metro de Lisboa e o Metro do Porto, no conjunto, contraíram dívidas de 6,4 mil milhões de euros e, em apenas um ano pediram à banca mais 700 milhões de euros. Tal como a Refer e a CP, estas empresas estão tecnicamente falidas, com os passivos a superarem já os activos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E as responsabilidades futuras do Estado não param por aqui. Nas parcerias público-privadas (PPP), os compromissos assumidos para os próximos três anos (até 2012) implicam já uma despesa de quatro mil milhões de euros. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;in DN 4/12/09&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6077456994010293726?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6077456994010293726/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6077456994010293726' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6077456994010293726'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6077456994010293726'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/12/preocupante-muito-preocupante.html' title='Shipwreck'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxkDX56EyyI/AAAAAAAAAHs/3XJsQQ8p9kE/s72-c/Brig-WASHINGTON-shipwreck.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-8560462473735368192</id><published>2009-11-29T17:30:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-11-29T17:35:20.510Z</updated><title type='text'>Luciana Fina - Hors sujet portrait</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxKwozekV5I/AAAAAAAAAHk/zyDniYvpeo4/s1600/luciana_fina%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 160px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409580317485062034" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxKwozekV5I/AAAAAAAAAHk/zyDniYvpeo4/s320/luciana_fina%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Lisboa - Espaço Alkantara&lt;br /&gt;"Hors Sujet Portrait" é uma nova instalação de Luciana Fina que continua as suas investigações iniciadas no tríptico "Chant Portraits", apresentado também no Festival temps d''Images de 2003. A acompanhar esta obra, "Vue Portraits", uma peça de 2006.&lt;br /&gt;Uma exposição que integra o Festival Temps d''Images 2009.&lt;br /&gt;Com Ricoeur e Lévinas por perto.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Até 6 de Dezembro &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-8560462473735368192?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/8560462473735368192/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=8560462473735368192' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/8560462473735368192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/8560462473735368192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/11/luciana-fina-hors-sujet-portrait.html' title='Luciana Fina - Hors sujet portrait'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxKwozekV5I/AAAAAAAAAHk/zyDniYvpeo4/s72-c/luciana_fina%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6965955846114920998</id><published>2009-11-29T00:27:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-11-29T00:30:42.182Z</updated><title type='text'>Peter Sloterdjik</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxHAqjpNBZI/AAAAAAAAAHc/_TeNSqp_I0E/s1600/imagesCAPSRD71.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 124px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 95px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409316464803775890" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxHAqjpNBZI/AAAAAAAAAHc/_TeNSqp_I0E/s320/imagesCAPSRD71.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;"As próximas grandes etapas do género humano serão períodos de decisão política quanto à nossa espécie" PS &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6965955846114920998?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6965955846114920998/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6965955846114920998' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6965955846114920998'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6965955846114920998'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/11/peter-sloterdjik.html' title='Peter Sloterdjik'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxHAqjpNBZI/AAAAAAAAAHc/_TeNSqp_I0E/s72-c/imagesCAPSRD71.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6229903729303222371</id><published>2009-11-28T21:58:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-11-28T22:40:35.248Z</updated><title type='text'>Baudrillard e o desaparecimento do mundo real.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxGm2DTB-QI/AAAAAAAAAHU/oGD8SolVvSA/s1600/baudrillard.horizon%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 200px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 300px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409288074976950530" border="0" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxGm2DTB-QI/AAAAAAAAAHU/oGD8SolVvSA/s320/baudrillard.horizon%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eliminámos a ausência.&lt;br /&gt;Mas atrás das imagens há algo que desaparece.&lt;br /&gt;(clique no título para ver o vídeo)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6229903729303222371?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiHpGAjA33E&amp;feature=related' title='Baudrillard e o desaparecimento do mundo real.'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6229903729303222371/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6229903729303222371' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6229903729303222371'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6229903729303222371'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/11/atras-das-imagens-ha-algo-que.html' title='Baudrillard e o desaparecimento do mundo real.'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxGm2DTB-QI/AAAAAAAAAHU/oGD8SolVvSA/s72-c/baudrillard.horizon%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-403703826160418957</id><published>2009-11-28T11:39:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-11-28T11:52:38.947Z</updated><title type='text'>Antichrist - Lars von Trier</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxEOoGPt6lI/AAAAAAAAAHM/L1Jtf0_jVxk/s1600/antichrist%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 210px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409120709482768978" border="0" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxEOoGPt6lI/AAAAAAAAAHM/L1Jtf0_jVxk/s320/antichrist%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Um filme que tem provocado enorme controvérsia... e ainda bem. Um teste aos limites da nossa moralidade. Afinal, parece que vivemos numa sociedade mais conservadora e moralista do que imaginávamos. Basta ver a polémica gerada um pouco por toda a Europa (a mais recente em França). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;O filme é magnífico. A polémica também. O von Trier tem o direito de o fazer e nós o direito de o ver. (clique no título para ver o trailer)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-403703826160418957?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hw03QayJ2fU&amp;feature=related' title='Antichrist - Lars von Trier'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/403703826160418957/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=403703826160418957' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/403703826160418957'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/403703826160418957'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/11/antichrist-lars-von-trier.html' title='Antichrist - Lars von Trier'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxEOoGPt6lI/AAAAAAAAAHM/L1Jtf0_jVxk/s72-c/antichrist%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-8578885618526095975</id><published>2009-11-28T11:29:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-11-28T11:38:09.113Z</updated><title type='text'>Da vida das obras de arte</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxELClPpekI/AAAAAAAAAHE/As3Pj0-MedI/s1600/guernica-3d%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409116766434064962" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxELClPpekI/AAAAAAAAAHE/As3Pj0-MedI/s320/guernica-3d%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;A "nova vida" das obras de arte.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Guernica em 3D. Da tridimensionalidade à bidimensionalidade à tridimensionalidade.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;(clique no título para ver o vídeo)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-8578885618526095975?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOO0S7x2HAs' title='Da vida das obras de arte'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/8578885618526095975/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=8578885618526095975' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/8578885618526095975'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/8578885618526095975'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/11/da-vida-das-obras-de-arte.html' title='Da vida das obras de arte'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SxELClPpekI/AAAAAAAAAHE/As3Pj0-MedI/s72-c/guernica-3d%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-5161545736145164018</id><published>2009-01-31T16:54:00.005Z</published><updated>2009-02-01T00:25:06.285Z</updated><title type='text'>Uma consideração sobre a crise</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297503831107616850" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 246px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYSDqsFwwFI/AAAAAAAAAGs/MWMDK9eJi8c/s320/Dorothea+Lange+-+Migrant+Mother.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Qualquer idiota enfrenta e resolve uma crise. O difícil é o dia-a-dia." &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Anton Tchekov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Dorothea Lange - Migrant mother&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5161545736145164018?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5161545736145164018/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5161545736145164018' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5161545736145164018'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5161545736145164018'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/uma-consideracao-sobre-crise.html' title='Uma consideração sobre a crise'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYSDqsFwwFI/AAAAAAAAAGs/MWMDK9eJi8c/s72-c/Dorothea+Lange+-+Migrant+Mother.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-772943621243821518</id><published>2009-01-31T16:27:00.007Z</published><updated>2009-02-03T10:45:24.366Z</updated><title type='text'>Uma explicação para a crise</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYSAZkYHzWI/AAAAAAAAAGk/Pt0bBwVqObA/s1600-h/old-computer%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297500238444481890" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 240px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYSAZkYHzWI/AAAAAAAAAGk/Pt0bBwVqObA/s320/old-computer%5B1%5D.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;"Creio que o declínio do ocidente não é uma hipótese ou uma profecia, mas um dado adquirido. Este esplêndido desenvolvimento cultural que começou na Europa por volta do ano 1000 e que produziu as catedrais góticas, a arte do Renascimento, Shakespeare e Goethe, a arquitectura precisa da física newtoneana e toda a glória da cultura europeia, todo este enorme ciclo da História chegou ao fim e não pode ser restaurado por meios articificais. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;É preciso contar com a inexorável realidade da civilização de massas, tecnológica, internacional, que engloba todo o planeta e toda a humanidade, na qual os valores culturais e a criatividade de outrora são substituídos por novos emblemas. As actuais lutas pelo poder podem, na fase explosiva que conhecemos, conduzir à devastação atómica universal. Se isso não acontecer, é provável que as diferenças entre o ocidente e o oriente se tornem, de uma maneira ou de outra, insignificantes, uma vez que a similitude das culturas materiais se mostrará mais forte do que as diferenças ideológicas" &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(L. Von Bertalanffy - 1952)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-772943621243821518?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/772943621243821518/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=772943621243821518' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/772943621243821518'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/772943621243821518'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/uma-explicacao-para-crise.html' title='Uma explicação para a crise'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYSAZkYHzWI/AAAAAAAAAGk/Pt0bBwVqObA/s72-c/old-computer%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-4988098583899631795</id><published>2009-01-31T16:26:00.000Z</published><updated>2009-01-31T16:27:12.026Z</updated><title type='text'>Da vida das obras de arte - II</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;“A obra vive na medida em que age. A acção da obra inclui tanto aquilo que acontece na consciência que a recebe como aquilo que se cumpre na própria obra. Aquilo que acontece com a obra é a expressão do que a obra é. (…) A obra é obra e permanece viva como obra na medida em que faz apelo a uma interpretação e age através de uma multiplicidade de significações.” (K. KosiK) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-4988098583899631795?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/4988098583899631795/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=4988098583899631795' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4988098583899631795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4988098583899631795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/da-vida-das-obras-de-arte-ii.html' title='Da vida das obras de arte - II'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7660056537578892056</id><published>2009-01-30T15:29:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-01-30T15:31:08.518Z</updated><title type='text'>Relatório do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), relativo ao consumo cultural e de lazer</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Em média, por ano, cada português visita um museu e assiste a um espectáculo. Um relatório do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), relativo ao consumo cultural e de lazer em 2007, indica que os museus nacionais registaram 9,9 milhões de entradas, número quase idêntico aos 9,8 milhões espectadores que frequentaram espectáculos ao vivo.Os dados do INE confirmam que os portugueses continuam a dar preferência ao cinema, mostram que a região de Lisboa concentra boa parte da oferta cultural e reservam algumas eventuais surpresas, como a de as touradas movimentarem mais dinheiro do que a música erudita e a ópera juntas.Em 2007, realizaram-se em Portugal 27.650 espectáculos ao vivo, aos quais assistiram 9,8 milhões de pessoas, o que dá uma média de quase 355 espectadores por sessão. O teatro é o domínio com maior oferta, com 12012 sessões - 43,4 por cento do total -, logo seguido pela música ligeira (5660) e pela música erudita (2261). Já em número de espectadores, a música ligeira, com quase seis milhões de espectadores anuais, ultrapassa de longe o teatro, que ainda assim atrai anualmente às salas perto de 1,8 milhões de pessoas, mais do que o triplo das que assistem a concertos de música erudita. Música ligeira dá 30 milhõesNas receitas geradas por espectáculos ao vivo, a música ligeira contribui também com a parte de leão, tendo rendido, em 2007, quase 30 milhões de euros. Segue-se o teatro, com 10,5 milhões, e a tauromaquia, que, em apenas 190 sessões, registou quase 300 mil espectadores e rendeu mais de cinco milhões de euros. Os bilhetes vendidos para concertos de música erudita totalizaram cerca de 3,15 milhões. A ópera ficou-se por 2,25 milhões, mas com apenas 184 exibições. Nas modalidades inventariadas pelo INE, só a dança moderna ultrapassa ainda, e por curta margem, o milhão de euros anuais. Abaixo desse limite ficam, por exemplo, o folclore e o circo. A distribuição regional dos espectáculos ao vivo mostra um acentuado desequilíbrio em favor da região de Lisboa, com 11.460 sessões em 2007, número sensivelmente igual à das registadas no conjunto das regiões Norte e Centro. Se tivermos em conta a demografia, na região da Grande Lisboa e da península de Setúbal houve um espectáculo para cada 233 habitantes, ao passo que na Região Norte o segundo termo sobe para 657. Esta concentração da oferta cultural na região de Lisboa, que, em número de sessões, ultrapassa os 41 por cento do total do país, revela-se ainda mais vincada quando se olha para as receitas geradas: mais de 45 milhões de euros, num total nacional de 66,4 milhões, o que corresponde a quase 70 por cento. Cinema americano dominaNo cinema, é sem surpresa que a indústria americana monopoliza o cartaz, ocupando 68 por cento dos ecrãs existentes, apesar de representar apenas 412 dos 1073 filmes exibidos. Mas são produções que continuam a recolher a preferência do público, e que por isso mobilizaram 73 por cento do total dos 16,3 milhões de espectadores registados em 2007, rendendo quase 70 milhões de euros. Em luta desigual, o cinema europeu, com perto de 25 por cento dos filmes programados (221 títulos), ficou-se por nove por cento das sessões e percentagem ainda menor (8 por cento) de espectadores. Seguindo a contabilidade do Instituto de Cinema e Audiovisual, o INE diz que o cinema português teve 55 filmes em cena (incluindo 14 longas-metragens), desdobrados em 17554 sessões, que tiveram 372976 espectadores e valeram 1,6 milhões de euros. A distribuição do mapa de exibição segue a tendência geral, com Lisboa a assegurar quase metade dos espectadores, mas, curiosamente, a mostrar uma taxa de ocupação (13,6 por cento) inferior às da Região Norte e do Algarve (ambas com 15 por cento).Ainda segundo o INE, o número de visitantes de museus (incluindo zoos, jardins botânicos e aquários) é idêntico ao do público de espectáculos - quase 10 milhões. Mas, neste sector, o lazer vai à frente: 31 por cento dos consumidores prefere passear-se pelos jardins e aquários. Já o circuito das galerias de arte mobilizou quase sete milhões de visitantes.Embora baseados num inquérito de 2005-06, são também significativos os dados que apontam para um significativo aumento percentual da despesa das famílias portuguesas em cultura e lazer: de 3,7, em 1996, para 5,7 em 2006. Nesse ano, a despesa anual média neste domínio foi, por agregado familiar, de 997 euros. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Público - Luís Miguel Queirós e Sérgio C. Andrade&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7660056537578892056?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7660056537578892056/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7660056537578892056' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7660056537578892056'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7660056537578892056'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/relatorio-do-instituto-nacional-de.html' title='Relatório do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), relativo ao consumo cultural e de lazer'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3725469778916035028</id><published>2009-01-29T00:16:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-01-29T00:21:19.126Z</updated><title type='text'>Um diploma para dançar?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYD2SmoPn7I/AAAAAAAAAGc/vQw3xqOcfaA/s1600-h/h_1_ill_885913_01199535.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5296503961255124914" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 87px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 58px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYD2SmoPn7I/AAAAAAAAAGc/vQw3xqOcfaA/s320/h_1_ill_885913_01199535.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Un diplôme pour danser ? La mesure peut sembler étrange. Elle a été prise, par arrêté ministériel, le 23 décembre 2008. Le diplôme national supérieur professionnel de danseur (DNSP) sera délivré par six écoles supérieures en cours d'habilitation, de la très classique Ecole de danse de l'&lt;a class="listLink" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/37b6/opera-de-paris.html"&gt;Opéra de Paris&lt;/a&gt; au Centre national de danse contemporaine d'Angers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="fen"&gt;Les six écoles de référence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lyon. Classique et contemporain au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse.&lt;a href="http://www.cnsmd-lyon.fr/"&gt;http://www.cnsmd-lyon.fr/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Paris. Classique et contemporain au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse.&lt;a href="http://www.cnsmdp.fr/"&gt;http://www.cnsmdp.fr/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Classique à l'Ecole de danse de l'Opéra national de Paris.&lt;a href="http://www.opera-de-paris.fr/"&gt;http://www.opera-de-paris.fr/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Angers. Contemporain au Centre national de danse contemporaine.&lt;a href="http://www.cndc.fr/"&gt;http://www.cndc.fr/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Cannes. Classique à l'Ecole supérieure de danse.&lt;a href="http://www.cannesdance.com/"&gt;http://www.cannesdance.com/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Marseille. Classique à l'Ecole nationale supérieure de danse.&lt;a href="http://www.ecole-danse-marseille.com/"&gt;http://www.ecole-danse-marseille.com/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Etrange, car la France n'a pas attendu ce diplôme pour devenir un grand pays de danse. Une centaine de jeunes danseurs, souvent formés dans des écoles, déboulent chaque année en France, venant grossir les rangs des cinq mille en activité. Que ce soit dans le classique ou le hip-hop, le talent, la rencontre avec un premier employeur, les opportunités resteront les juges de paix, bien plus qu'un parchemin. Alors pourquoi un diplôme ? D'abord pour mettre de l'ordre dans les multiples certificats délivrés par les six écoles. "Il fallait unifier le paysage, quel que soit le type de danse pratiquée", confirme &lt;a class="listLink" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/7a0a/frederic-moreau.html"&gt;Frédéric Moreau&lt;/a&gt;, de la direction de la musique, de la danse, du théâtre et des spectacles (DMDTS) au ministère de la culture, qui va "exercer une sorte de contrôle sur le contenu pédagogique des écoles". Le nombre de stages obligatoires dans des compagnies sera par exemple précisé.&lt;br /&gt;DE 7 000 À 12 000 EUROS&lt;br /&gt;Le diplôme devrait permettre aussi de mieux protéger et de faire connaître une profession qui reste fragile. C'est surtout vrai pour les danseurs contemporains, dont la carrière est de plus en plus nomade - ils passent vite d'une compagnie et d'une ville à l'autre - et dont le salaire moyen oscille de 7 000 à 12 000 euros par an payés en cachets (60 % de leurs revenus, le reste étant payé par l'assurance-chômage). Le diplôme devrait leur permettre de trouver plus aisément du travail à l'étranger.&lt;br /&gt;Une autre préoccupation est la reconversion du danseur, qui intervient autour de 40 ans. "L'aider à trouver une autre activité professionnelle a compté dans la mise en place du diplôme", reconnaît &lt;a class="listLink" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/7b69/agnes-wasserman.html"&gt;Agnès Wasserman&lt;/a&gt;, du Centre national de la danse de Pantin. De fait, l'enseignement théorique prendra beaucoup de place. C'est même l'innovation majeure : parallèlement à son diplôme, le danseur passera une licence à l'université.&lt;br /&gt;Une dernière raison est avancée pour justifier ce diplôme. Il y aurait un décalage de plus en plus net entre la formation du danseur et les possibilités de travail. Ainsi le nombre de comédies musicales a explosé en France depuis huit ans alors que le nombre de spectacles chorégraphiques s'est légèrement tassé.&lt;br /&gt;La commission chargée du diplôme, composée d'employeurs du spectacle vivant, des directeurs des six écoles et de danseurs, a pris en compte cette évolution. "Nous avons dû analyser ce qu'est vraiment aujourd'hui le métier de danseur, son activité de plus en plus diversifiée", explique Mme Wasserman. Le diplôme sera même un moteur pour l'ouverture ou l'habilitation de nouvelles écoles, en particulier dans le jazz et le hip-hop, qui sont en phase avec l'évolution des scènes chorégraphiques.&lt;br /&gt;Mais, attention, le but n'est pas de provoquer "une uniformisation des enseignements", prévient M. Moreau. Chaque école conserve son cursus, sa culture, sa façon d'aborder le répertoire contemporain. Cette variété tranche avec d'autres pays, dominés par une école et une vision (l'école d'Essen en Allemagne, celle de Parts à Bruxelles, en Belgique).&lt;br /&gt;Les écoles en France ont chacune une dominante - le classique à Cannes, le contemporain à Angers, etc. - avec des professeurs qui changent en fonction des choix de la direction. Prenons le Conservatoire supérieur national de musique et de danse de Paris. La formation dure cinq ans, entre 16 ans et 21 ans. Le directeur, &lt;a class="listLink" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/sujet/aaaa/daniel-agesilas.html"&gt;Daniel Agésilas&lt;/a&gt;, s'appuie sur une pédagogie qui tient compte des mutations esthétiques. "On exige du danseur de ne pas être seulement un exécutant doué mais une force de proposition. Il doit savoir improviser, composer du mouvement, explique-t-il. On lui demande de plus en plus de connaissances théoriques : savoir lire une partition musicale, connaître l'histoire de la danse..."&lt;br /&gt;Rosita Boisseau -Le Monde&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3725469778916035028?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3725469778916035028/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3725469778916035028' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3725469778916035028'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3725469778916035028'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/um-diploma-para-dancar.html' title='Um diploma para dançar?'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SYD2SmoPn7I/AAAAAAAAAGc/vQw3xqOcfaA/s72-c/h_1_ill_885913_01199535.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-593352356457781661</id><published>2009-01-28T00:57:00.006Z</published><updated>2009-01-28T01:12:27.644Z</updated><title type='text'>Da vida das obras de arte - I (continua)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;"the individual, man as a man, man as a brain, if you like, interests me more than what he makes, because I\'ve noticed that most artists only repeat themselves" --marcel duchamp&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-593352356457781661?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/593352356457781661/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=593352356457781661' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/593352356457781661'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/593352356457781661'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/da-vida-das-obras-de-arte-i-continua.html' title='Da vida das obras de arte - I (continua)'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7943007739667254481</id><published>2009-01-26T15:48:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:00:07.551Z</updated><title type='text'>O lugar do teatro - jornalístico? informativo? artístico?(ou tudo em simultâneo?)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3cRYBvVHI/AAAAAAAAAFo/D0a9qlRob3s/s1600-h/caryl_sillitoe_1991460%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5295630927923205234" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 192px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3cRYBvVHI/AAAAAAAAAFo/D0a9qlRob3s/s320/caryl_sillitoe_1991460%5B1%5D.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Caryl Churchill's play for Gaza is a prompt for theatres to react quickly&lt;br /&gt;Theatre can and should respond swiftly to world events, so I applaud Churchill's 10-minute Gaza drama for the Royal Court&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="comment-count-info comment-icon" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/theatreblog/2009/jan/26/caryl-churchill-play-gaza-theatre?commentpage=1"&gt;Comments (1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Up to speed ... Caryl Churchill. Photograph: David Sillitoe&lt;br /&gt;Last week, I wrote about &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/theatreblog/2009/jan/15/theatre-gaza"&gt;the difficulties theatre faces in responding to the situation in Gaza&lt;/a&gt;. Because of the sheer amount of time it takes to write and produce work, it appeared near impossible.&lt;br /&gt;Now comes the news that &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2009/jan/24/theatre-gaza-caryl-churchill-royal-court-seven-jewish-children"&gt;Caryl Churchill was so impassioned&lt;/a&gt; about what has been happening that she has written a play about it. &lt;a href="http://www.royalcourttheatre.com/whatson01.asp?play=548"&gt;Seven Jewish Children – a Play for Gaza&lt;/a&gt; will be performed at the Royal Court from 6 February. Tickets are free and there will be a collection for the charity Medical Aid for Palestinians. So, where there's a will, there is a way. Churchill's piece is just 10 minutes long, but as &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1ZON66BbB0"&gt;Beckett's Breath&lt;/a&gt; and Pinter's Mountain Language proved, the length of a play is no guide to its power and impact.&lt;br /&gt;Other theatres could perhaps learn a great deal from this speedy response. As BAC's David Jubb recently suggested in a provocation for Devoted and Disgruntled, theatre often feels like &lt;a href="http://www.improbable.co.uk/show_example.asp?item_id=36"&gt;too much of an oil tanker to modernise quickly enough&lt;/a&gt; and be really responsive to 21st century life. Jubb argued that with Google and 24-hour news available at the press of a button, we all have access to the here and now, but because of the lag time in play-making, it sometimes feels "dated, stuffy and disconnected".&lt;br /&gt;The trick for the playwright, of course, is not just to be a terrific writer but to be able to predict the course of current affairs. Because it often takes so long to write a play and then find a slot for it, with theatres programming so far ahead, writers have to be extraordinarily prescient. By the time the play gets staged – sometimes two years or more after it was started – it still needs to feel part of the zeitgeist. For all its merits, Steve Thompson's current play, &lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturecritics/charlesspencer/4228082/Roaring-Trade-at-the-Soho-Theatre-review.html"&gt;Roaring Trade&lt;/a&gt;, about financial dealings in the City, has clearly been overtaken by recent events. The world it depicts has been transformed out of all recognition by the credit crunch.&lt;br /&gt;But we could have plenty more theatrical responses to the here and now if only theatres would commission and programme in a different way and were prepared to take more risks. Back in 2007, Theatre 503 commissioned and produced in just eight weeks a play by Ben Ellis called &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2007/oct/16/theatre1"&gt;The Final Shot&lt;/a&gt;. The play was about a terminally ill man whose death was being filmed by a TV company, a subject then very much in the news. Very good it was too, suggesting that there is not always an obvious equation between the time spent writing a play and how good it is. You've only got to look at the plays of Shakespeare, Alan Ayckbourn and &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2007/aug/06/edinburghfestival2007.edinburghfestival2"&gt;Mark Ravenhill&lt;/a&gt; to see that plays written quickly are not necessarily of less merit than those that have taken a lifetime.&lt;br /&gt;Yet with a &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/theatreblog/2006/oct/30/frompagetostage"&gt;new-play culture&lt;/a&gt; that is increasingly embracing a US academic model – where writers are encouraged to write draft after draft – we seem to be moving towards a situation where plays often take longer to write and therefore seem even less likely to have an immediacy. As a result, many young playwrights get hung up on one play (which often never gets produced) when what they really need to do is get on to the next one. Instead of encouraging young writers to really take their time, journalistic-style deadlines might help concentrate the mind.&lt;br /&gt;Churchill's ability to leap into action over something she feels passionate about, and the Royal Court's willingness to respond, can only be a good thing. If more playwrights and theatres were prepared to be reactive and flexible in this way, theatre could genuinely claim its place as an art form with a crucial role to play in responding to and contextualising the way we live now.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;(The Guardian 26.1.09)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7943007739667254481?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7943007739667254481/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7943007739667254481' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7943007739667254481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7943007739667254481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/o-lugar-do-teatro-jornalstico.html' title='O lugar do teatro - jornalístico? informativo? artístico?(ou tudo em simultâneo?)'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3cRYBvVHI/AAAAAAAAAFo/D0a9qlRob3s/s72-c/caryl_sillitoe_1991460%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7394859718982267823</id><published>2009-01-24T16:56:00.001Z</published><updated>2009-01-24T16:56:49.581Z</updated><title type='text'>Léo Ferré - Avec le temps</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7394859718982267823?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKQFjliB0Vc' title='Léo Ferré - Avec le temps'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7394859718982267823/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7394859718982267823' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7394859718982267823'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7394859718982267823'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/lo-ferr-avec-le-temps.html' title='Léo Ferré - Avec le temps'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6124756660821404848</id><published>2009-01-24T13:54:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:00:54.134Z</updated><title type='text'>Darwin - 200 anos do seu nascimento</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a id="tnr_coyne" name="tnr_coyne"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;We will restore science to its rightful place... We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus, and nonbelievers. —Barack Obama, Inaugural Address&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Attempts to reconcile God and evolution keep rolling off the intellectual assembly line. It never stops, because the reconciliation never works. —Jerry Coyne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/coyne09/coyne09_index.html" target="new"&gt;DOES THE EMPIRICAL NATURE OF SCIENCE CONTRADICT THE REVELATORY NATURE OF FAITH?&lt;/a&gt; [1.21.2009]By Jerry Coyne&lt;br /&gt;An Edge Special Event&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6124756660821404848?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6124756660821404848/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6124756660821404848' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6124756660821404848'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6124756660821404848'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/darwin-200-anos-do-seu-nascimento.html' title='Darwin - 200 anos do seu nascimento'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6610344223673205259</id><published>2009-01-23T23:25:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-01-24T13:35:12.136Z</updated><title type='text'>A Ideia de Europa - Budapeste</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpSca8qidI/AAAAAAAAAFg/-_9jigp94y0/s1600-h/IMG_1817.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294634960151022034" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 240px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpSca8qidI/AAAAAAAAAFg/-_9jigp94y0/s320/IMG_1817.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zenith&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6610344223673205259?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6610344223673205259/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6610344223673205259' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6610344223673205259'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6610344223673205259'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/ideia-de-europa-budapeste.html' title='A Ideia de Europa - Budapeste'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpSca8qidI/AAAAAAAAAFg/-_9jigp94y0/s72-c/IMG_1817.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-425521159827138257</id><published>2009-01-23T23:20:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-01-24T13:35:37.779Z</updated><title type='text'>A Ideia de Europa - Budapeste</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpRdiWhpkI/AAAAAAAAAFY/55lTwWxBGEk/s1600-h/IMG_1631.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294633879806780994" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 240px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpRdiWhpkI/AAAAAAAAAFY/55lTwWxBGEk/s320/IMG_1631.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gerbeaud&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-425521159827138257?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/425521159827138257/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=425521159827138257' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/425521159827138257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/425521159827138257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/ideia-de-europa-budapest.html' title='A Ideia de Europa - Budapeste'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpRdiWhpkI/AAAAAAAAAFY/55lTwWxBGEk/s72-c/IMG_1631.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-379751881100532126</id><published>2009-01-23T22:59:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:01:24.499Z</updated><title type='text'>Parte interessada</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpOFaM7lhI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/9QVIQZYlY2Q/s1600-h/LeiterT%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294630166767310354" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 234px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpOFaM7lhI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/9QVIQZYlY2Q/s320/LeiterT%5B1%5D.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Aqui: &lt;a title="blocked::http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit6/" href="http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit6/"&gt;http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit6/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Path through the Virtual Museum:&lt;br /&gt;New forms of exhibition, new forms for spectatorship&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Chris Marker's "Pictures at an Exhibition"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ways of creating and exhibiting images framed in new media platforms have been posing interesting questions not only concerning the curatorial methods they require, but also the ways in which artists respond to these images when their massive circulation and de-contextualization renders them available for re-appropriation. One of the most important filmmakers dealing with the questions of new media in relation to film, Chris Marker has been concerned with the ways in which new media are entering and reconfiguring not only film language but also forms of spectatorship. If the first movement was displacing film from theatres to the museum walls, replacing on the way the museum's white cube for the black box, now we are dealing with an interaction with online platforms in which projection is no longer required; in which the user replaces the viewer as someone who not only traces his own path but also re-appropriates himself from the work by capturing, downloading or sharing it. In that sense, Chris Marker's "Pictures at an Exhibition", created as part of the work he has been developing on the online platform Second Life and first released on his channel on YouTube, seems to put in place a number of interesting questions.&lt;a title="blocked::#_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn" href="outbind://3-00000000E57AC42BEB630C479616CC2EC12A014A24772800/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; To begin with, it presents a reconfiguration of a number of canonical images that are present in our collective memory, questioning in that sense the ways in which we relate to the digital archive and how our collective memory is being reshaped. However, it proposes a path through this virtual gallery that is configured as a loop that always returns to the same place. By adding the same rhythm and the same time to each image, it seems to spatialize time at the same time that it limits the viewer's interaction and his possible engagement with each one of the images, or the time he needs to make sense out of them. However, it is exactly with that spatialization that Marker is dealing with: the screen cannot be closed and contain the images it carries, and so they pour into one another, as they pour into our own screen, breaking the boundaries of the frame so that they can only be reorganized by a subject who is able to position himself in a point along this space. In that sense they require a nomadic perception that can run through these displaced configurations, unfold and refold them - a perception that comes from an experience in which we were screened-away to a modulation in which we are screened-through.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bio Joana Pimenta&lt;br /&gt;Joana Pimenta is a Ph.D. candidate in Media Studies, specializing in Film Studies, at the New University of Lisbon, and junior researcher for the project "Film &amp;amp; Philosophy: mapping an encounter" at the Institute for Philosophy of Language. Currently, and during the 2008/09 academic year, she is a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University, affiliated with the Department of Visual and Environmental Studies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="blocked::#_ftnref" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn" href="outbind://3-00000000E57AC42BEB630C479616CC2EC12A014A24772800/#_ftnref" name="_ftn1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; "Pictures at an Exhibition" can be found here: &lt;a title="blocked::http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PThypeEt1Y&amp;amp;feature=channel_page" feature="channel_page"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PThypeEt1Y&amp;amp;feature=channel_page&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;br /&gt;"L'Ouvroir" is a virtual archipelago created on Second Life by the joint initiative of Chris Marker and the Museum of Zurich.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-379751881100532126?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/379751881100532126/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=379751881100532126' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/379751881100532126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/379751881100532126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/parte-claramente-interessada.html' title='Parte interessada'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpOFaM7lhI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/9QVIQZYlY2Q/s72-c/LeiterT%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3219498671313376458</id><published>2009-01-23T22:56:00.002Z</published><updated>2009-01-23T22:58:16.831Z</updated><title type='text'>nova Lisboa</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpLdjzAtgI/AAAAAAAAAFI/9dKA7hF8r4c/s1600-h/IMG_1824.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294627283124925954" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 240px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpLdjzAtgI/AAAAAAAAAFI/9dKA7hF8r4c/s320/IMG_1824.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3219498671313376458?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3219498671313376458/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3219498671313376458' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3219498671313376458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3219498671313376458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/nova-lisboa.html' title='nova Lisboa'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXpLdjzAtgI/AAAAAAAAAFI/9dKA7hF8r4c/s72-c/IMG_1824.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3593901770186905831</id><published>2009-01-23T00:12:00.003Z</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:01:47.269Z</updated><title type='text'>Francisco Tropa na Chiado 8</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXkNAq3SSNI/AAAAAAAAAEs/KuoKCxcQWH4/s1600-h/FT.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294277142108063954" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 221px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXkNAq3SSNI/AAAAAAAAAEs/KuoKCxcQWH4/s320/FT.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_2z46TLAZTrY/STro6FUFPxI/AAAAAAAAAGk/cjPonIyMHi8/s1600-h/FT.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Francisco Tropa Tesouros Submersos do Antigo Egipto&lt;br /&gt;Curador: Ricardo Nicolau&lt;br /&gt;28.11&gt;22h 30.01.2009&lt;br /&gt;Horário:De Segunda-Feira a Sexta-Feira, das 12:00 às 20:00.Encerra aos Fins-de-semana e feriados&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Não é com certeza por acaso que um artista conhecido por refutar qualquer relação entre as suas exposições e eventuais obrigações de clareza e de pedagogia, dê praticamente o título de uma exposição blockbuster, eminentemente condicionada por todos aqueles “deveres”, à mais recente apresentação pública dos seus trabalhos. Numa altura em que se discute a usurpação do papel dos profissionais das artes por aqueles que tradicionalmente “apenas” os apoiavam (patronos, mecenas), em que muitos exigem que a arte se torne imediatamente compreensível para os grandes públicos, que seja mais uma distracção, que transforme definitivamente os museus e os centros de arte em pólos para a transacção da criatividade, em locais privilegiados da indústria do entretenimento, Francisco Tropa reivindica a densidade e a opacidade como valores inalienáveis na nossa relação com a obra de arte, que nenhuma ideia de lógica (e muito menos a lógica dos números) e de puro conhecimento deve conseguir eliminar.&lt;br /&gt;O título da exposição permite, além disso, trabalhar a partir das expectativas dos visitantes, do seu conhecimento de determinados protocolos. Quase todos sabemos, porque já os visitámos ou porque vimos imagens que os reproduziam, que os museus, particularmente os museus etnográficos, exibem os artefactos antigos, os pretensos tesouros de determinadas civilizações, em mesas, vitrinas e plintos. Estas convenções são aqui empregues. O objectivo não passa apenas por dilatar o tempo em que o visitante julga estar, de facto, perante peças egípcias – esta confusão pode acontecer, mas Francisco Tropa não está especialmente preocupado com esta vertente mais anedótica da experiência do espectador. Passa, isso sim, pela deslocação de protocolos de exibição muito conhecidos – deslocação que vem demonstrar que as obras de arte são sempre signos polissémicos, mudando com cada apresentação aquilo que representam, dependendo da disposição dos observadores e das especificidades das circunstâncias em que são vistas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Ricardo Nicolau (excerto do texto do catálogo)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3593901770186905831?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3593901770186905831/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3593901770186905831' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3593901770186905831'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3593901770186905831'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2009/01/francisco-tropa-na-chiado-8.html' title='Francisco Tropa na Chiado 8'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SXkNAq3SSNI/AAAAAAAAAEs/KuoKCxcQWH4/s72-c/FT.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-5528938695106498454</id><published>2008-06-15T15:36:00.006+01:00</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:02:10.889Z</updated><title type='text'>Vive la Culture - os debates do Libé</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SFUpgkvT59I/AAAAAAAAACQ/JW2EUm5-iVk/s1600-h/file_329531_321770.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5212117783345883090" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SFUpgkvT59I/AAAAAAAAACQ/JW2EUm5-iVk/s320/file_329531_321770.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;O jornal Libération organiza 3 dias de debates sobre diversos temas culturais.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Aqui fica o programa, os links e 2 exemplos de temáticas que me interessam particularmente.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://forumculture.blogs.liberation.fr/mon_weblog/"&gt;http://forumculture.blogs.liberation.fr/mon_weblog/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.liberation.fr/culture/vive_la_culture/"&gt;http://www.liberation.fr/culture/vive_la_culture/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.arte.tv/VivelaCulture/frontUser.do?method=getHomePage"&gt;http://blogs.arte.tv/VivelaCulture/frontUser.do?method=getHomePage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;Science et art : une envie réciproque ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond&lt;br /&gt;Physicien et essayiste, professeur émérite à l’université de Nice&lt;br /&gt;«Que faire contre le réchauffement climatique ?» «Qu’y avait-il avant le big bang ?» A quoi cela sert-il de demander aux scientifiques de partager leur savoir avec les profanes si les astrophysiciens sont incapables de reconnaître Jupiter dans le ciel, les biologistes de distinguer un pinson d’une linotte ? Après tout, les chercheurs ne sont ni formés ni payés à ces fins. La mission de «diffusion de la culture scientifique et technique» qui leur est confiée reste largement un vœu pieux, alors que les institutions de la recherche réduisent cette mission à de simples opérations de communication et de promotion de leur image de marque.&lt;br /&gt;Quant aux musées et centres de culture scientifique, ils ne font guère que pallier les insuffisances du système éducatif. Jamais n’ont été plus manifestes à la fois l’absence et l’urgence d’une intégration de la science dans la culture commune. C’est que la culture seule permet de donner aux activités humaines ce sens dont la science semble désormais manquer. Aussi avons-nous besoin aujourd’hui du théâtre, du roman, des arts plastiques, du cinéma, pour appréhender ce qu’est la science.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jean-François Peyret&lt;br /&gt;Metteur en scène&lt;br /&gt;La question est celle de savoir si la frontière entre les deux cultures est en train de bouger, si nous n’allons pas en finir avec notre sempiternelle et quasi identitaire opposition entre esprit géométrique et esprit de finesse.&lt;br /&gt;Pour pasticher une ancienne formule, la science ne s’est pas contentée d’interpréter le monde, elle l’a aussi transformé, et va peut-être le détruire ; elle propose à l’espèce humaine de se bricoler ou bien de disparaître. Que l’art s’en ressente, rien d’étonnant.&lt;br /&gt;Pour le moment, «scientifiques, artistes, enviez-vous les uns les autres !», un curieux slogan. Mais l’envie est peut-être une bonne piste. «L’envie réciproque» serait une manière de rappeler, au-delà des bons sentiments interdisciplinaires, l’altérité radicale, mais à laquelle il faut se confronter, qui fait de l’artiste l’autre du scientifique, et réciproquement. Au fait, je parlais des deux cultures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;Comment favoriser la création ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Pierre Cornette de Saint-Cyr&lt;br /&gt;Commissaire-priseur&lt;br /&gt;Nous vivons une période extraordinaire de l’histoire de l’humanité : 90 % des découvertes scientifiques et technologiques ont été faites après 1950. La seule matière première de notre nouvelle société est la créativité. Paradoxalement, nous avons l’impression que dans notre France, la seule préoccupation des Français est de consommer dans les supermarchés. C’est consternant et ça ne peut pas être vrai. Il faut réagir parce que les autres pays misent tous sur la recherche et la création artistique. Que faire ? Le cerveau humain est une prodigieuse machine qui ne sait faire qu’une chose, apprendre. C’est donc dès l’enfance, à l’école, qu’il faut apprendre l’art, la curiosité, la créativité, et ce, tout au long de ses études. Ce qui est consternant, c’est de constater qu’au sortir du bac, les élèves pensent que Picasso est joueur de foot ! Nous avons des artistes et des savants extraordinaires, mais pour le moment les politiques et l’administration les ont enfermés en refusant de promouvoir leur création sur la scène internationale. Il faut repartir à la conquête du monde en organisant des expositions et remettre la France à la place qui était la sienne jusque dans les années 60. Au travail !&lt;br /&gt;Eric Landau&lt;br /&gt;Galeriste&lt;br /&gt;Spécificité française : les personnes et les entreprises privées ne sont pas poussées à investir dans l’art. La question ne date pas d’hier : à chaque nouveau gouvernement, des acteurs du marché mettent le dossier sur la table rue de Valois. Et, immanquablement, le dossier va faire grandir une pile plus ou moins poussiéreuse. A l’opposé, aux Etats-Unis, le foisonnement de la création artistique dépend presque exclusivement du privé et sa richesse ne semble en pâtir. Deux modèles s’opposent : une création pilotée par l’Etat ; une autre abandonnée aux règles du marché. Or, on peut imaginer, etmettre en place, un modèle qui concilierait un souci de sauvegarde et de transmission du patrimoine avec une ouverture au privé et à la création contemporaine. Les institutions ne peuvent pas être le vivier des jeunes artistes. C’est aux collectionneurs, galeristes, éditeurs d’art… de découvrir, soutenir et promouvoir les talents émergents. Qui seront un jour admis dans les espaces muséaux. C’est un travail de longue haleine, de passion, coûteux. L’argent n’est pas la seule réponse, mais la défiscalisation est un des moyens les plus simples d’aider au rayonnement des artistes contemporains vivants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5528938695106498454?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5528938695106498454/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5528938695106498454' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5528938695106498454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5528938695106498454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/06/vive-la-culture-os-debates-do-lib.html' title='Vive la Culture - os debates do Libé'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SFUpgkvT59I/AAAAAAAAACQ/JW2EUm5-iVk/s72-c/file_329531_321770.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7531328138955292539</id><published>2008-06-07T23:58:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:02:36.311Z</updated><title type='text'>Contemporary art boom brings opportunities, and challenges, for insurers - International Herald Tribune</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SEsTNKdkC0I/AAAAAAAAACA/D604LgHtJRE/s1600-h/rcartaxad_550.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209278510851689282" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SEsTNKdkC0I/AAAAAAAAACA/D604LgHtJRE/s320/rcartaxad_550.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Contemporary art boom brings opportunities, and challenges, for insurers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.iht.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?query=By" sort="'publicationdate&amp;amp;submit="&gt;By Nazanin Lankarani&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Published: May 30, 2008&lt;br /&gt;document.writeln('');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When Art Basel, the contemporary art fair that takes place every year in Basel, Switzerland, opens its doors Tuesday morning for the VIP preview, among the privileged guests will be a group of international collectors and art lovers invited by the specialist fine art and collectible insurer, AXA Art Insurance.&lt;br /&gt;AXA Art, based in Cologne, is a sponsor and partner of both Art Basel and its U.S. counterpart, Art Basel Miami Beach, and also sponsors Tefaf Maastricht, the European fine art fair in the Dutch city of Maastricht, and several more local fairs like FIAC, the Paris contemporary art show, and Art Chicago.&lt;br /&gt;"Art Basel and Art Basel Miami Beach continue to attract record numbers of visitors," said Ulrich Guntram, the insurer's chief executive. "Our partnership with the art fairs allows us to interact with existing and potential clients, to showcase our in-house competencies to an international audience."&lt;br /&gt;As part of its partnership deal, AXA Art will extend 3,000 invitations to handpicked guests whose interest in art, and purchasing power, have been carefully pre-screened.&lt;br /&gt;"The AXA Art brand is present and visible, but we look for a real partnership with the art fairs, not just the right to display its logo," Guntram said.&lt;br /&gt;In addition to the VIP passes, AXA Art provides guided tours of the fair by its in-house specialists. "We do not issue policies here," said Guntram. Still, the company will take the opportunity to promote new products like the Artplus policy, a single-package all-risk worldwide coverage for homes and art objects worldwide, and "Grasp," a detailed questionnaire aimed at identifying security weaknesses and implementing theft deterrent measures in galleries, museums and warehouses.&lt;br /&gt;It will also focus on the conservation of works of art, illustrating the theme of fragility by exhibiting "Aerei," a 2004 installation by the Italian artist Fabio Viale, consisting of 90 miniature aircraft wings carved in marble, translucently thin and affixed to a mirror, creating the impression of a flock of origami planes.&lt;br /&gt;"Artworks can break, but they can also suffer deterioration due to the inherent vice in their materials," said Thomas Wessel, the insurer's director for art expertise management. "Only 5 percent of the world's artworks will survive the next 100 years. The remaining 95 percent, in museums and in the trade, is exposed to increasing environmental stresses, and without immediate intervention and curatorial measures, will not last."&lt;br /&gt;AXA Art is supporting a project, with the Tate Modern in London, to address conservation problems arising from the use of synthetic materials, notably acrylic paint. It also sponsors technological research into art preservation.&lt;br /&gt;These activities have helped to feed the growth of AXA Art in the United States and Europe in the past five years.&lt;br /&gt;While reliable figures are hard to come by, because fine art coverage is frequently bundled into broad homeowner packages, AXA Art is generally recognized as a global market leader. Other specialist providers include Chubb, based in new York, and Hiscox, based in Bermuda and one of the largest syndicates at Lloyd's of London.&lt;br /&gt;In France, where the AXA group is based, the company has from 70 percent to 80 percent of the art exhibit market, said Christian Muller, managing director for France and Benelux.&lt;br /&gt;Globally, "premium revenues have increased by about 30 percent in five years," Guntram said. "Our sources of growth are private collectors, exhibitions and museums. The U.S. remains a fast- growing market, but less developed markets, like Italy, post strong growth based on heavy exhibition activity."&lt;br /&gt;Soaring art prices and the growing number of art buyers, however, have had unexpected impacts on art insurers, including a sharp increase in potential liabilities. "While we benefit from a thriving art market, the meteoric rise in values has created new challenges for the insurance business," Guntram said. "We insure numbers of art collections presently valued in multiples of $100 million. When a single object valued at $100 million suffers a small damage, which can happen easily, a 10 percent devaluation translates into a $10 million loss for us."&lt;br /&gt;Another challenge is to keep up with the unprecedented pace at which art prices have increased.&lt;br /&gt;"A decade ago, we would review an 'important' collection for risk and premium assessment every two years, every five years for less important collections, and every decade for merely 'decorative' ones," said Cyril Karaoglan, director of Nasco Karaoglan France, an insurance broker. "Today, we have increased the frequency of valuations to every six months for large collections, one to two years for middle-grade collections, and a maximum of five years for the amateur collection."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7531328138955292539?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7531328138955292539/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7531328138955292539' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7531328138955292539'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7531328138955292539'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/06/contemporary-art-boom-brings.html' title='Contemporary art boom brings opportunities, and challenges, for insurers - International Herald Tribune'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SEsTNKdkC0I/AAAAAAAAACA/D604LgHtJRE/s72-c/rcartaxad_550.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3759008524242929282</id><published>2008-05-22T18:05:00.001Z</published><updated>2008-05-22T18:07:40.910Z</updated><title type='text'>Uma conversa decente</title><content type='html'>Porque a inteligência e a lucidez são cada vez mais raras... aqui vai uma entrevista reconfortante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tsf.pt/PaginaInicial/AudioeVideo.aspx?content_id=915417"&gt;http://www.tsf.pt/PaginaInicial/AudioeVideo.aspx?content_id=915417&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3759008524242929282?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3759008524242929282/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3759008524242929282' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3759008524242929282'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3759008524242929282'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/uma-conversa-decente.html' title='Uma conversa decente'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-4006009516222499395</id><published>2008-05-22T15:00:00.005Z</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:03:23.094Z</updated><title type='text'>AS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS E O ACTOR PÓS-DRAMÁTICO</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWO9pT19EI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bQJXdxwRVjk/s1600-h/lincoln_200.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5203222134208721986" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWO9pT19EI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bQJXdxwRVjk/s320/lincoln_200.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWN2JT19DI/AAAAAAAAABw/7H8bZ5goOl8/s1600-h/lincoln_200.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Ronaldo Nogueira da Gama é ator e diretor de teatro. Mestre em teatro e artes do espetáculo, pela Université de Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle. Atualmente, doutorando em teatro, pela Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UniRio. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Durante séculos o ator reinou, soberano, no teatro. Com a chegada da fotografia e do cinema, porém, vimos o estatuto dessa e outras formas de arte se modificarem bastante. Coincidentemente, surgiram, mais ou menos na mesma época, os diretores de cinema e seus duplos no teatro. Em seus primeiros anos, o cinema utilizou as formas de produção e criação teatrais até que foi, aos poucos, se afirmando como divertimento e, mais tarde, como arte, estabelecendo seus próprios códigos e especificidades. Como afirmou Walter Benjamim, o cinema e sua nova linguagem mudaram a maneira de ver e perceber as coisas. O que torna o teatro irreprodutível é exatamente seu caráter efêmero de um evento não durável. Walter Benjamim em A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica, fez várias alusões ao cinema como uma reprodução do trabalho teatral. No entanto, o uso da tecnologia foi incorporado ao teatro, não somente como meio de reprodução, mas também incorporado nos processos de criação e encenação teatrais, transformando a própria reprodução num elemento visto em cena, ‘ao vivo’. O que desencadeou, como se podia prever, novas formas de ver e também de produzir uma obra de arte.Em relação ao trabalho do ator surgiram, então, novas formas de representar e encenar, como nos é mostrado por Béatrice Picon-Vallin em sua pesquisa sobre o teatro contemporâneo. “Para se ter uma evolução histórica do uso de tecnologia em cena e intercâmbio entre o teatro e as artes da imagem, como cinema ou fotografia, poderíamos começar evocando a radicalidade de Vsevolod Meyerhold, encenador e pesquisador, cujo teatro continuará para aqueles que já estão no século XXI, um lugar de audácia, de virtuosismo e de experimentação de onde emanam”, como escreveu Peter Sellars “um apelo que nos convida a continuar o combate sem nos deixar em paz”.(1) Para Meyerhold, encenador por excelência, o ator é o centro do teatro. “Mesmo que tiremos do teatro a palavra, o figurino, a ribalta, as coxias, o prédio do teatro, desde que reste o ator e o domínio de seus movimentos o teatro continuará teatro”, escreveu ele, em 1914. É o movimento que constitui o meio de expressão essencial do ator ‘rei’ do teatro. Nos anos 30, o ‘jogo do ator’ é um dos dois componentes de encenação, na opinião de Meyerhold, sendo a ‘composição do conjunto’ a outra. O domínio da encenação, a arte da construção de cenas, o uso da iluminação, da música, tudo isso deve servir a atores altamente qualificados. Aliás, Meyerhold considera que o ator é o compositor textual, visual e sonoro de seu próprio jogo. Ele idealizava um ator polivalente que fosse verdadeiramente músico, dançarino, artista de circo e de variedades, capaz a qualquer momento de concentrar seu jogo ou de quebrar sua continuidade, em proveito da performance. Ele seria um ator que teria a síntese das artes, de todas as artes que são abrigadas num palco, as artes plásticas, a música, a dança, o circo e music-hall. Ele imaginava para o ator “uma formação completa que o tornasse capaz de desenvolver com precisão a sua presença em cena, de inventar seu próprio jogo, ‘não psicológico’, e capaz de construir as emoções do espectador”.(2) Tudo é permitido para atingir essa finalidade, pois, como afirma Meyerhold, “em arte não há técnicas proibidas o que existe são técnicas mal utilizadas”.Ao contrário de tentar destruir o teatro, o domínio de novas técnicas tornaria seus limites mais abrangentes, explorando seus territórios com novas fronteiras móveis. Ele vai mesmo introduzir telas e projeções de imagens e de textos no palco, imaginando poder projetar filmes em seus espetáculos, o que ele só poderá fazer, em 1927. O texto escrito para o teatro foi largamente combatido, tendo em Edward Gordon Craig um de seus principais combatentes e precursores de uma nova forma do fazer teatral. Craig, entretanto, não conseguiu realizar, ele próprio, esse teatro sonhado, baseado na sua nova ‘visão’ do teatro. Craig sonhava reformular o fazer teatral, uma nova maneira de representar. Ele imaginava esse novo ator como uma ‘super marionete’. Meyerhold, por sua vez, foi pioneiro no novo métier teatral, o encenador, chamado por Louis Jouvet de “criador de formas, um poeta da cena, que escreve com gestos, ritmos, com toda a língua teatral”, afirmando ainda que ”Meyerhold tinha de seu futuro espetáculo uma visão cênica tão viva que ia até à alucinação”.(3) No lugar do ideal da ‘super marionete’ de Craig, que ele evoca aliás várias vezes, Meyerhold lançou o conceito de ‘super ator’. Quer dizer, bem concretamente, aquele que comporia sua interpretação depois de ter decomposto seu material de trabalho. Sendo encenador de si mesmo, seria aquele que não temeria as imagens que se introduzem no palco, pois ele teria a consciência que a nova arte do século XX, o cinema, se desenvolve com, e ao mesmo tempo, que o teatro de vanguarda, o seu teatro. A cena teatral atual, ainda que encolhida e pobre, no que diz respeito às pesquisas de linguagem, investigação artística, sobretudo no Brasil, é o lugar único onde se coloca o espectador e o ator diante suas múltiplas imagens e representações que lhes cercam na vida cotidiana, e toda a gama de seus duplos tecnológicos, fotográficos, fílmicos, videográficos, clones virtuais, ou marionetes eletrônicas. Sem dúvida, o teatro é, hoje, um lugar de experimentação, onde podemos questionar o conceito de presença e ausência e sua relação entre atores e espectadores. A imagem do ator ou sua ‘presença ausência’ desperta uma enorme curiosidade e interesse no espectador. O ator pode tomar consciência dos diferentes registros de presença que são à sua disposição e, então, poderá melhor organizar seu trabalho, sua interpretação. Hans Thies Lehman afirma que no teatro de hoje, o ator não mais representa um papel mas é o performer que oferece sua presença em cena pra uma contemplação. Sendo que na performance, como no teatro pós-moderno, é mais importante a presença provocante do homem que a representação de um papel. Ele ainda ressalta que isso representa um certo número de aspectos dessa problemática, por exemplo, a técnica da presença ou a dualidade entre encarnação e a comunicação, e nesse ponto ele determina a necessidade de uma profunda reflexão a ser feita a partir das novas formas de percepção. Essas novas formas de percepção, tornaram-se possíveis, na opinião de Robert Lepage, que navega entre as experiências de palco e tela com bastante liberdade e desenvoltura, após a multiplicidade da criação audiovisual iniciada nos anos 1970. Lepage lembra, ainda , que um teatro de imagens não baseado no texto, fortaleceu-se nos anos 70, quando pessoas que tiveram formação teatral com Jacques Lecoq, por exemplo, ( e também Decroux, Barba, etc), iniciaram uma forma de teatro mais visual. A integração do vídeo veio mais tarde, por que ela exigia meios que não eram acessíveis à gente de teatro. E a partir daí, a influência do teatro europeu e internacional se faz sentir. “A dança teatro de Pina Bausch, o teatro de Bob Wilson, que também são teatro de imagens, ajudaram a mudar as coisas”,(4) conclui Lepage. No Brasil, várias experiências são realizadas dentro desse novo universo. Temos os cenários de Daniela Thomas, as encenações de Gerald Thomas, Felipe Hirsch e Enrique Dias e vários outros que buscam novas formas de encenação. Sserá preciso acompanhá-las de perto numa tentativa de localizar o teatro brasileiro na história do teatro mundial. Hans Thies-Lehman analisa o teatro de nosso tempo chamando-o “pós-dramático”, onde ele enfoca as experiências com o texto começadas pelo teatro do absurdo até novos confrontos com outras formas de arte. Ele afirma que “a transformação operada na utilização dos signos teatrais tem como conseqüência que se tornam mais flutuantes as delimitações que separam o gênero teatral de formas práticas , como a performance art,que tendem a uma experiência do real”. (5) E ele continua, afirmando que a performance se aproxima do teatro, na sua busca de estruturas visuais e auditivas elaboradas, indo até às novas tecnologias de novas mídias e por sua utilização de espaço-tempo mais estendido. S Segundo Picon-Vallin, “no interior das práticas interdisciplinares que fazem parte da história da cena do século XX, onde aumenta porosidade das fronteiras entre as artes do espetáculo, foram fatores determinantes a imagem química de ontem e hoje eletrônica, ou digital, e que vem ocupando um lugar cada vez maior”. Ilustrativa ou atuante, ela confere à cena, ou ao ator, diferentes registros de presença. Ela propõe suas imagens como parceiros, ela dota o corpo do ator de um corpo aumentado ou o habitua a observação do espectador de forma pontilhada. Ela faz penetrar o espectador em seu corpo. Ou o transforma em um átomo, ou em close-ups espalhados. Podemos ver mágicas que nos foram mostradas há tempos por George Méliès, em forma de cinema, ou não seria o contrário, o cinema em forma de mágica? Era o começo de uma mágica. Hoje, já temos nos espetáculos de dança, mais comumente, corpos vivos interagindo com imagens, humanas ou não. Softwares são criados para isso. Esses recursos colocam o ator polivalente, diante de novos desafios. Velhos desafios já foram colocados por Artaud, outros, afrontados pelos atores de Meyerhold. O ator teve seu métier pesquisado detalhadamente e planificado por Stanislavski. E assim foram elaborados métodos e técnicas por outros encenadores pesquisadores, adaptando-os sempre à sua necessidade. Para Meyerhold, segundo afirmação de Béatrice Picon-Vallin, “Toda arte ou toda técnica utilizada pelo teatro deve ser feita a partir de um ponto de vista teatral”,(6) as tecnologias da imagem e do som reforçam a necessidade de uma formação sólida, e uma aprendizagem eficaz. Pois elas desestabilizam as relações entre os parceiros da equipe de criação, elas inauguram modos de trabalho diferentes, onde o processo vira o objeto de todas as atenções. E esses novos modos de trabalho prenunciam, influenciados por novos olhares, novos modos do fazer teatral. Essas novas tecnologias, continua Picon-Vallin “fazem da cena um lugar de experiência e de crítica, para pensar nas situações de mudança da sociedade”.(7) Vemos espetáculos que têm como objeto seu próprio processo de criação. Deixando à mostra a colaboração de todos os envolvidos na parte criativa. O ator, então, deve se relacionar diferentemente com seus novos parceiros. Deve responder às necessidades que a nova cena lhe exige. Poderíamos estar na iminência de ver um novo ator? Um super ator como queria Meyerhold? O ator pós-dramático? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.polemica.uerj.br/pol19/cimagem/p19_paginaderosto.htm"&gt;http://www.polemica.uerj.br/pol19/cimagem/p19_paginaderosto.htm&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-4006009516222499395?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/4006009516222499395/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=4006009516222499395' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4006009516222499395'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4006009516222499395'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/as-novas-tecnologias-e-o-actor-ps.html' title='AS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS E O ACTOR PÓS-DRAMÁTICO'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWO9pT19EI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bQJXdxwRVjk/s72-c/lincoln_200.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6482407820340682274</id><published>2008-05-22T14:46:00.004Z</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:17.237Z</updated><title type='text'>Prémio Príncipe das Astúrias para orquestras da Venezuela</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWJEpT19CI/AAAAAAAAABo/mnI5ZekD2bo/s1600-h/logo_index.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5203215657398039586" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWJEpT19CI/AAAAAAAAABo/mnI5ZekD2bo/s320/logo_index.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;A rede de Orquestras infantis e juvenis da Venezuela, criada há 30 anos pelo compositor e economista José Antonio Abreu, foi distinguida hoje com o Prémio Príncipe das Astúrias das Artes 2008.&lt;br /&gt;O projecto premiado aposta na transformação da vida de crianças «em risco» da Venezuela através da sua integração numa rede de 120 orquestras.&lt;br /&gt;Actualmente estão abrangidas pelo programa 250.000 crianças e jovens com idades compreendidas entre os dois e os 25 anos.&lt;br /&gt;Além da rede venezuelana chegaram também à votação final as candidaturas do arquitecto japonês Tadao Ando e do compositor e maestro francês Pierre Boulez.&lt;br /&gt;No total, foram apresentadas ao prémio 28 candidaturas de 15 países, entre as quais figuravam as dos músicos Leonard Cohen e Ennio Morricone, do cozinheiro Ferran Adrià, do dramaturgo Peter Brook, da violinista Anne-Sophie Mutter, dos cineastas Emil Kusturica e Víctor Erice, do Cirque du Soleil e do escultor Fernando Botero.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diário Digital&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6482407820340682274?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6482407820340682274/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6482407820340682274' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6482407820340682274'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6482407820340682274'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/prmio-prncipe-das-astrias-para.html' title='Prémio Príncipe das Astúrias para orquestras da Venezuela'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDWJEpT19CI/AAAAAAAAABo/mnI5ZekD2bo/s72-c/logo_index.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7751334045923751521</id><published>2008-05-20T15:16:00.004Z</published><updated>2009-01-26T16:02:58.053Z</updated><title type='text'>The National Theatre of Scotland - um teatro sem teatro</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDLr1Vym3CI/AAAAAAAAABg/NO4lZR7Msdg/s1600-h/NTSLogo_RubineRGB_low%5B1%5D.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5202479821181344802" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDLr1Vym3CI/AAAAAAAAABg/NO4lZR7Msdg/s320/NTSLogo_RubineRGB_low%5B1%5D.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The National Theatre of Scotland&lt;br /&gt;This month, Vicky Featherstone, Artistic Director of the National Theatre of Scotland (NTS) shares with us an insight into the background and future of NTS.&lt;br /&gt;Why a national theatre?&lt;br /&gt;'For over 100 years, the theatre community in Scotland has been campaigning for a National Theatre. Now it is finally happening. In September 2003 the Scottish parliament announced the creation of the only new major cultural institution since devolution.&lt;br /&gt;Scottish theatre has always been for the people, led by great performances, great stories or great playwrights. We now have the chance to build a new generation of theatre-goers as well as reinvigorating the existing ones; to create theatre on a national and international scale that is contemporary, confident and forward-looking; to bring together brilliant artists, composers, choreographers and playwrights; and to exceed our expectation of what and where theatre can be'.&lt;br /&gt;The National Theatre of Scotland&lt;br /&gt;'The National Theatre of Scotland has no building; there has been no great capital project involving architects and contractors. Instead, we are taking theatre all over Scotland, working with the existing venues and touring and creating work within the theatre community. We have no bricks-and-mortar institutionalism to counter, nor the security of a permanent home in which to develop. All our money and energy can be spent on creating new work. Our theatre will take place in the great buildings - Edinburgh's &lt;a class="link" href="http://www.lyceum.org.uk/" pathattribute="1"&gt;Royal Lyceum&lt;/a&gt; and Glasgow's &lt;a class="link" href="http://www.citz.co.uk/" pathattribute="1"&gt;Citizens&lt;/a&gt; – but also in site-specific locations, community halls and sports halls, car parks and forests.&lt;br /&gt;As well as producing our own work, we will collaborate with the best companies and individuals working here already. We will travel all over Scotland taking work to school and communities. A small ensemble of six actors will take up residence for a week at a time in the smallest venues and communities in Scotland, offering plays for adults, young adults and family theatre. At last we will be able to create large-scale work, music and spectacle, something that has disappeared due to lack of resources and time. There will be opportunities for our great playwrights to write big, important plays and to do new versions of those which have not been seen in Scotland for many years. This will create parts for the great Scottish actors spread over the world and at home. We will tour internationally and bring international work into Scotland. We have created a young company of recent graduates, actors, directors, producers and technicians who will tour their own work, giving them the opportunity to develop professionally.&lt;br /&gt;We have spent many hours debating the notion of a 'national theatre' and the responsibility that entails. It is not, and should not be, a jingoistic, patriotic stab at defining a nation's identity through theatre. In fact, it should not be an opportunity to try to define anything. Instead, it is the chance to throw open the doors of possibility, to encourage boldness.&lt;br /&gt;I hope our programme goes some way to realising these ambitions. I hope we will make Scotland proud'.&lt;br /&gt;Vicky FeatherstoneArtistic Director, NTS&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Entrevista publicada na página web do Scotish Arts Council&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7751334045923751521?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7751334045923751521/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7751334045923751521' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7751334045923751521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7751334045923751521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/national-theatre-of-scotland-um-teatro.html' title='The National Theatre of Scotland - um teatro sem teatro'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SDLr1Vym3CI/AAAAAAAAABg/NO4lZR7Msdg/s72-c/NTSLogo_RubineRGB_low%5B1%5D.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-1653613347848736373</id><published>2008-05-16T21:24:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:17.507Z</updated><title type='text'>NY Times - Rauschenberg e a dança</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SC38W1ym3BI/AAAAAAAAABY/9spx1Ax0V8o/s1600-h/collabspan%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5201090614009453586" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SC38W1ym3BI/AAAAAAAAABY/9spx1Ax0V8o/s320/collabspan%5B1%5D.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rauschenberg and Dance, Partners for Life&lt;br /&gt;By &lt;a title="More Articles by Alastair Macaulay" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/alastair_macaulay/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;ALASTAIR MACAULAY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Published: May 14, 2008&lt;br /&gt;Something inherently theatrical about &lt;a title="More articles about Robert Rauschenberg." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/robert_rauschenberg/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Robert Rauschenberg&lt;/a&gt;’s talent — always evident in his radical feeling for color, light, composition and new ingredients and juxtapositions —prompted him to his boldest and freshest conceptions when he worked onstage. From the early 1950s until 2007 he designed for dance. And in the late ’50s and early ’60s, when he first came to fame, he was recurrently (at times constantly) occupied in dance theater.&lt;br /&gt;Andrea Merola/ANSA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onclick="javascript:s_code_linktrack('Article-MorePhotos');" href="http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/04/14/arts/20080414_RAUS_SLIDESHOW_index.html"&gt;More Photos &gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a name="secondParagraph"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When he won the international grand prize at the &lt;a title="More articles about the Venice Biennale." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/v/venice_biennale/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier"&gt;Venice Biennale&lt;/a&gt; in 1964, he said he regarded the Merce Cunningham Dance Company as his biggest canvas. Although the remark offended some in Cunningham circles (primarily the composer &lt;a title="More articles about John Cage." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/john_cage/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;John Cage&lt;/a&gt;, who seems to have felt it sounded too proprietorial), it was completely justified. At that time there was no better place to see the range of Mr. Rauschenberg’s inventiveness than the Cunningham repertory.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Rauschenberg wasn’t just the designer of most pieces Mr. Cunningham had choreographed in the previous 10 years; he was also a permanent colleague. He toured America and, in 1964, the world as stage manager to the Cunningham company, adjusting the lighting and costumes, making several of the dancers into his long-term friends, helping turn the itinerary of a dance company into a fulcrum of ideas.&lt;br /&gt;In 1954 Mr. Rauschenberg was the first stage designer to follow the principle of artistic independence already established by Mr. Cunningham and Cage. All he needed to know was which dancer to design costumes for, and if Mr. Cunningham had any further specifications. So when Mr. Cunningham asked (in 1954) for décor around which the dancers could move, Mr. Rauschenberg placed a large red free-standing combine center stage in “Minutiae”; though the choreography has not survived, the décor is still used in some Cunningham Events.&lt;br /&gt;Sometimes Mr. Cunningham gave not specifications but poetic clues. For example, for “Winterbranch” (1964) he said to Mr. Rauschenberg, “Think of the night as if it were day.” Mr. Rauschenberg’s response was to think of images like being caught in the headlights of a car, and he made all-black costumes and lighting that sometimes threw the stage into darkness while viewers were shielding their eyes from the light.&lt;br /&gt;When Mr. Cunningham was experimenting with new definitions of stage space in “Summerspace” (1958), suggesting both that the stage was just a section of a vaster landscape and that the mood was that of a summer idyll, Mr. Rauschenberg responded with impressionistic pointillism. The costumes of the dancers matched the backdrop view in near camouflage, and the work evoked scenes by Monet and Seurat while also suggesting a wildlife documentary.&lt;br /&gt;In “Crises” (1960) the dancers wore single-color all-over tights that glowed fiercely against the surrounding blackness. In such works Mr. Rauschenberg also became one of the all-time masters of theatrical lighting.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Rauschenberg had come to know the young &lt;a title="More articles about Paul Taylor." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/t/paul_taylor/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Paul Taylor&lt;/a&gt; in 1953, while Mr. Taylor was a Cunningham dancer. When Mr. Taylor began to choreograph in the succeeding years, Mr. Rauschenberg was his designer; works like “Three Epitaphs” (1956, all-black costumes again) survive in Taylor repertory today. In the 1960s Mr. Rauschenberg was involved in the radical dance-theater experiments at and around Judson Memorial Church in Greenwich Village and was close to Cunningham-connected experimentalists like Carolyn Brown, Viola Farber and Steve Paxton; he even choreographed himself.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Rauschenberg’s full-time connection to the Cunningham company ended with its 1964 world tour. Though he and Cage had stimulated each other profoundly and were in many ways like-minded, their egos had clashed; Mr. Rauschenberg’s “my biggest canvas” remark sounded like colonization in a dance theater where the point was independence.&lt;br /&gt;But others led him back to dance theater, nobody more beautifully than &lt;a title="More articles about Trisha Brown." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/trisha_brown/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Trisha Brown&lt;/a&gt;. Her “Set and Reset” (1983) was an instant masterpiece, largely thanks to Mr. Rauschenberg’s astonishingly imaginative designs. Three screens simultaneously broadcast separate video collages in black and white (more than 20 years before a video component became the norm in new choreography), while the dancers rippled around the stage in part-translucent costumes marked with gray and black figures that resembled newsprint.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Rauschenberg and Mr. Cunningham did collaborate again — though collaboration may have always been too tight a word for the freedom they gave each other — on several pieces over the decades. The last of these was only last October, “XOVER”(pronounced “Crossover”), which had its premiere at the Hopkins Center at &lt;a title="More articles about Dartmouth College" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/d/dartmouth_college/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;Dartmouth College&lt;/a&gt;. (It has yet to be seen in New York or most other cities.) The white costumes against a largely white backdrop recall the all-white paintings of 50 years before; the nonwhite parts of the backdrop, combining silk-screen photography and painting, connect isolated images (a bicycle, a fence, an industrial view) with beautiful color and details of light.&lt;br /&gt;More glorious yet — the most marvelous Rauschenberg stage designs I have seen, and supremely theatrical — were what he made for Mr. Cunningham’s “Interscape” (2000). This work begins with a black-and-white curtain that is already a classic Rauschenberg collage of eclectic images: it proves translucent, and lighting allows the dancers to be seen warming up onstage.&lt;br /&gt;When that curtain lifts, however, the backdrop is a full-color version of the same collage, so that we seem to have gone from a shadow realm to a new plane of more intense being, in which the main choreography occurs. Each costume was individual (Mr. Cunningham said he knew the dancers were happy from the noises he could hear them making as they returned from their fittings) and demonstrated Mr. Rauschenberg’s extraordinary feeling for color combinations. (One stinging green hangs in the memory.)&lt;br /&gt;Impresarios have occasionally assembled programs that illustrate “&lt;a title="More articles about Pablo Picasso." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/p/pablo_picasso/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Picasso&lt;/a&gt; and the Dance,” but Mr. Rauschenberg’s work for dance was far more prolific than Picasso’s, as a whole season could be presented to demonstrate. If only that could happen, its range of designs — from “Three Epitaphs” to “Summerspace,” from “Set and Reset” to “Interscape,” from “Crises” to “Glacial Decoy” (another Trisha Brown collaboration) — would easily establish his place in the forefront of architects of theater. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-1653613347848736373?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/1653613347848736373/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=1653613347848736373' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1653613347848736373'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1653613347848736373'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/ny-times-rauschenberg-e-dana.html' title='NY Times - Rauschenberg e a dança'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SC38W1ym3BI/AAAAAAAAABY/9spx1Ax0V8o/s72-c/collabspan%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-1881994750763953197</id><published>2008-05-16T21:14:00.002Z</published><updated>2008-05-16T21:17:48.509Z</updated><title type='text'>Um mapa sensível das cidades</title><content type='html'>Nold, la géo à fleur de peau&lt;br /&gt;Arts numériques. Des Parisiens déambulent pour établir une carte sensible de la ville.&lt;br /&gt;Marie Lechner&lt;br /&gt;QUOTIDIEN : vendredi 16 mai 2008&lt;br /&gt;Festival Mal au pixel du 16 au 25 mai. Rens.: www.malaupixel.org Exposition «Sensitive Map», de Christian Nold, du 17 mai au 28 juin, à la galerie Ars Longa, 67, avenue Parmentier, 75011. Rens.: &lt;strong&gt;www.biomapping.net&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a id="docFontSmall" href="javascript:fontSizeChange("&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="docFontBig" href="javascript:fontSizeChange("&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:popup_window(" mode="PRINTERFRIENDLY');&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:popup_window(getSendToFriendURL()+" docid="326539');&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:popup_window(getWriteToAuthorURL()+" docid="326539&amp;amp;rubId=4');&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:popup_window(getSendReactionURL()+" docid="326539&amp;amp;rubId=4&amp;amp;s2=5&amp;amp;pp=culture%3A%3AQ%3A%3AG%3A%3A_Nold%2C_la_g_o___fleur_de_peau_',510,600,'top=0,left=0,status=no,toolbar=no,menubar=no,location=no,resizable=yes,titlebar=no,scrollbars=yes');&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Une carte donne des informations sur la ville, mais ne raconte pas grand-chose sur les gens qui y vivent. Avec Biomapping, l’artiste Christian Nold propose aux habitants (de San Francisco, Stockport, Greenwich…) de projeter leurs émotions sur le plan de leur quartier. Les 19 et 20 avril, il animait un atelier à la galerie Ars Longa, à Paris. Objectif : dresser une carte émotionnelle collaborative de l’Est parisien.&lt;br /&gt;Sur le même sujet&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.liberation.fr/culture/326534.FR.php"&gt;Mal au pixel fête l’espace public &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le dispositif imaginé par Nold combine la localisation géographique et la réaction de notre corps à l’environnement. Chaque participant est équipé d’un GPS et d’un capteur fixé sur deux doigts qui enregistre la réponse galvanique de la peau -- comme pour les détecteurs de mensonges. Sous l’effet d’un stress ou d’une émotion, l’épiderme sécrète une microsudation qui va améliorer la conductibilité de la peau.&lt;br /&gt;Données. Ainsi harnachés, les cobayes se dispersent et arpentent la ville durant une heure. Nold récupère les données des volontaires, de retour de promenade, et les retranscrit dans Google Earth, permettant de visualiser chaque itinéraire, succession chaotique de pics et de plages plus calmes.&lt;br /&gt;Nold invite chacun à faire le récit de son trajet et à l’annoter pour tenter de trouver une explication à ces variations brutales. Certains motifs sont récurrents, comme ces pics quasi systématiques lorsqu’il s’agit de traverser un gros carrefour, ou encore ces vagues régulières qui semblent caractériser l’état du promeneur absorbé dans ses réflexions, insensible à ce qui se passe autour de lui.&lt;br /&gt;Ce samedi-là, certains s’étaient promenés du côté de République, à Paris, lors de la manifestation prochinois, se frayant un chemin au milieu des slogans, klaxons et banderoles, un stress traduit sur la carte. «J’ai choisi des cartes parce qu’elles parlent un langage qui nous est familier, comme d’autres visualisations scientifiques telle le cardiogramme. Quand les médecins en regardent un, ils cherchent des pathologies, repèrent ce qui ne va pas. L’idée de Biomapping, c’est comme un cardiogramme transposé sur le paysage.»&lt;br /&gt;Biomapping est une sorte de psychogéographie appliquée, telle que la définit l’Internationale situationniste en 1958 : «Etude des effets précis du milieu géographique, consciemment aménagé ou non, agissant directement sur le comportement affectif des individus.» Depuis, la ville a beaucoup changé, les technologies sécuritaires sont devenues omniprésentes. «L’individu est constamment surveillé, via les caméras ou la biométrie, manière d’essayer de faire dire des choses à notre corps en mesurant le stress de la voix, la façon de marcher, etc. Plutôt que de subir ces technologies imposées, j’invite les participants à se familiariser avec, à s’approprier leurs données corporelles intimes, à les partager avec les autres, et à les interpréter eux-mêmes», dit Nold, qui souhaite ainsi rendre vigilants les citadins.&lt;br /&gt;Atelier. Les différentes données recueillies lors de l’atelier seront agglomérées dans une carte collective, donnant une image sensible de la ville par les gens qui y habitent, présentée à Ars Longa à partir de demain. Elle sera éditée lors du festival Mal au pixel (lire ci-dessous) consacré aux cultures électroniques do it yourself.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-1881994750763953197?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/1881994750763953197/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=1881994750763953197' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1881994750763953197'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1881994750763953197'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/um-mapa-emocional-das-cidades.html' title='Um mapa sensível das cidades'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-574383244333572620</id><published>2008-05-16T21:00:00.001Z</published><updated>2008-05-16T21:01:46.256Z</updated><title type='text'>Os financiamentos do teatro público e do privado</title><content type='html'>Les financements du public et du privé&lt;br /&gt;LE MONDE  16.05.08  &lt;a href="javascript:selectStyleSheet(2);"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:selectStyleSheet(-2);"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/imprimer_element/0,40-0@2-3246,50-1045903,0.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/envoyer_element/0,40-0@2-3246,50-1045903,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/reco_element/enreg/1,40-0@2-3246,50-1045903,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/blog_element/0,40-0@2-3246,50-1045903,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/web/classeur/ajouter/1,0-0,1-0,0.html?type=article&amp;amp;itm_id=1045903&amp;amp;seq_id=3246&amp;amp;ens_id=1046001" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/reactions/0,1-0@2-3246,36-1045903@51-1046001,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C'est une vieille histoire. Les théâtres privés ont coutume de dire : "Nous n'avons que nos recettes pour vivre, nous sommes condamnés au succès, alors que les théâtres publics peuvent se permettre l'échec, parce qu'ils sont subventionnés." Ce cliché, qui a la vie dure, ne correspond pas à la réalité. Certes, on peut dire grossièrement que la différence entre les théâtres publics et les théâtres privés vient du fait que les uns vivent de subventions, et les autres non. En fait, les choses sont plus complexes.&lt;br /&gt;Les théâtres publics, comme la Comédie-Française, la Colline, Chaillot, la Cité internationale, la Bastille, le Théâtre de la Ville ou le Rond-Point, reçoivent de l'argent de l'Etat et/ou de la Mairie de Paris, en échange d'un cahier des charges artistique et public qu'ils ont à tenir. Les théâtres privés, eux, n'ont pas de subventions au sens strict. Mais ils bénéficient de l'aide d'un fonds de soutien - une caisse commune qui permet d'aider des salles en difficulté - alimenté par une taxe perçue sur chaque billet vendu, et aussi par une aide des pouvoirs publics. Par ailleurs, ils peuvent bénéficier d'argent public, en particulier pour les travaux de rénovation qui sont imposés aux nombreuses salles classées. Ils ne sont donc pas totalement livrés à eux-mêmes, même s'ils misent gros à chaque nouvelle production. Cela vaut pour les théâtres privés "classiques", de l'Atelier au Montparnasse, en passant par Edouard-VII ou le Poche-Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;Pour les petites salles qui ne cessent de se multiplier, il en va autrement. Souvent, leur financement est occulte ou sauvage. Faute de pouvoir financer des productions, beaucoup accueillent des troupes rémunérées à la recette – autant dire à l'endettement, pour les candidats les plus malchanceux. D'autres salles gagnent de l'argent en donnant des cours de théâtre dans leurs locaux, ou en profitant de tous ceux qui sont à la recherche de lieux pour organiser des stages en tout genre, un marché très lucratif.&lt;br /&gt;Brigitte Salino&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-574383244333572620?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/574383244333572620/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=574383244333572620' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/574383244333572620'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/574383244333572620'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/os-financiamentos-do-teatro-pblico-e-do.html' title='Os financiamentos do teatro público e do privado'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2377828882607310522</id><published>2008-05-16T20:56:00.002Z</published><updated>2008-05-16T21:00:17.861Z</updated><title type='text'>O teatro em Paris: 1968 - 2008</title><content type='html'>Le boom du théâtre à Paris&lt;br /&gt;LE MONDE  16.05.08 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:selectStyleSheet(2);"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:selectStyleSheet(-2);"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/imprimer_element/0,40-0@2-3246,50-1045902,0.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/envoyer_element/0,40-0@2-3246,50-1045902,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/reco_element/enreg/1,40-0@2-3246,50-1045902,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/blog_element/0,40-0@2-3246,50-1045902,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/web/classeur/ajouter/1,0-0,1-0,0.html?type=article&amp;amp;itm_id=1045902&amp;amp;seq_id=3246&amp;amp;ens_id=1046001" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/reactions/0,1-0@2-3246,36-1045902@51-1046001,0.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C e n'est pas une révolution, c'est une explosion : de 1968 à 2008, le nombre de salles de théâtre à Paris a doublé, et l'offre de spectacles a été multipliée au moins par cinq. En 1968, on comptait une soixantaine de salles, et une moyenne de 70 spectacles par semaine. Quarante ans plus tard, on dénombre 130 salles environ, et une moyenne de 300 spectacles par semaine, ce chiffre pouvant monter jusqu'à plus de 450 en période pleine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="javascript:basculer(0,"&gt;Le "grand bond" en avant de la banlieue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour un amateur, aller aujourd'hui au théâtre en banlieue, à Nanterre, Gennevilliers, Aubervilliers, Bobigny, Créteil ou Montreuil, est aussi naturel que de se rendre dans un théâtre parisien.Toutes ces salles subventionnées sont accessibles en métro ou en RER, ce qui n'était pas le cas en 1968.&lt;br /&gt;Les théâtres de banlieue étaient des salles municipales, qui ont connu un essor considérable dans les années 1970 grâce au soutien que le Parti communiste – majoritaire à l'époque dans la "ceinture rouge" de Paris – a apporté à la culture. Ce soutien a permis la création de salles – à Nanterre, Créteil, Bobigny, etc. – qui sont venues s'ajouter aux théâtres historiques, en particulier celui de Gennevilliers, fondé par Bernard Sobel, et le Théâtre de la Commune, à Aubervilliers, voulu par Jack Ralite et dirigé à ses débuts par Gabriel Garran.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'"avignonisation" de Paris. Cette offre faramineuse, et désarmante pour un spectateur non averti, témoigne de ce que l'on appelle l'"avignonisation" de Paris, en référence à Avignon, où, à côté du Festival créé par Jean Vilar en 1947, le Festival "off", né autour de 1968, est passé de quelques spectacles à plus de 600 en moyenne par jour, pendant le mois de juillet.&lt;br /&gt;Cette évolution tient à un double mouvement : beaucoup de grands théâtres se sont adjoint une petite salle, comme le Montparnasse, Hébertot ou le Gymnase, pour accueillir des spectacles supposés plus pointus, plus intimes, ou des one-man-show. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses salles de moins de cent places se sont ouvertes. On en compte une quarantaine aujourd'hui. Leur chiffre varie, parce que leur programmation n'est pas régulière ou qu'elles ne vivent pas très longtemps.&lt;br /&gt;Le déplacement rive gauche - rive droite. En 1968, l'esprit "rive droite, rive gauche" règne encore sur le théâtre parisien, à l'image de la géographie des salles : traditionnellement, les théâtres dits de "boulevard" (situés en majorité sur les Grands Boulevards), sont dédiés à la "comédie bourgeoise", à laquelle des metteurs en scène ont décidé d'opposer un "théâtre d'art", situé rive gauche, pour marquer la rupture artistique.&lt;br /&gt;Même si cette règle souffre des exceptions, avec des salles aujourd'hui disparues, comme le 347 ou le Théâtre des Arts situés rive droite, les théâtres d'art historiques restent rive gauche, comme feu le Lutèce, où Jorge Lavelli met en scène La Journée d'une rêveuse, de Copi, ou feu l'Epée de Bois, où Grotowski présente son fameux Akropolis. Ces salles ne sont pas des théâtres subventionnés au sens où on l'entend aujourd'hui (en 1968 seuls la Comédie-Française, L'Odéon et le Théâtre national populaire le sont). Mais, en tant que "théâtres d'essai", ils reçoivent des aides ponctuelles de l'Etat pour la création.&lt;br /&gt;A côté, il y a de nombreuses salles dites "éphémères" – le grand mot de l'époque –, où les jeunes troupes passent, comme celle de Marc'O, où Bulle Ogier a débuté. Il y a enfin des endroits décalés, comme le Cirque Montmartre, où Ariane Mnouchkine crée Le Songe d'une nuit d'été, de Shakespeare, où l'Elysée-Montmartre, dans lequel Jean-Louis Barrault, expulsé de l'Odéon après les événements de Mai, se réfugie pour créer Rabelais.&lt;br /&gt;Le paysage artistique de 1968 ressemble plus à celui des années 1950 – l'époque de la découverte de Beckett, Adamov, Ionesco... – qu'à celui des années 1970, en pleine expansion. Jacques Charron et Robert Hirsch triomphent à la Comédie-Française. Pierre Fresnay et Sacha Pitoëff sont encore à l'affiche, Luis Mariano chante dans Le Prince de Madrid, Michel Bouquet joue Pauvre Bitos, d'Anouilh... A côté, Claude Régy crée L'Anniversaire, de Pinter, rive droite, et le Grand Magic Circus, de Jérôme Savary, fait ses débuts au Plaisance, rive gauche.&lt;br /&gt;Cette géographie n'a plus rien à voir avec celle d'aujourd'hui. Paris vit à un rythme qui s'est largement déplacé vers la rive droite, où l'on compte de nombreux théâtres publics qui n'existaient pas, de la Bastille à la Colline, en passant par le Rond-Point ou les Abbesses, la seconde salle du Théâtre de la Ville. La notion de "rive gauche" n'est plus opérante, et la Seine n'est plus une frontière.&lt;br /&gt;Nouveaux genres et changement d'ère. En 1968, on ne compte que quatre ou cinq cafés-théâtres à Paris. Leur nombre va considérablement s'accroître dans les années 1970, qui sont celles du Café de la Gare et des débuts du Splendid.&lt;br /&gt;En 2008, les cafés-théâtres font figure de survivants. Nous sommes dans l'ère du one-man-show et de la comédie populaire, qui se développe d'une manière impressionnante, en particulier dans les nombreuses salles qui ont éclos dans l'est de la capitale. Dans les "petites salles" (de 15 à 100 places), qui prolifèrent, tous les genres se côtoient, avec une prédilection pour les humoristes.&lt;br /&gt;Ainsi se développe dans Paris un troisième circuit, à des années-lumière des grands théâtres privés et des scènes publiques. Certains observateurs voient dans cette expansion des salles et de l'offre de places (plus de 35 000 aujourd'hui, contre 25 000 en 1968) une menace d'implosion. C'est surtout le signe que, en matière de théâtre, Paris reflète l'évolution de la société : il est entré dans l'ère du libéralisme.&lt;br /&gt;Brigitte Salino&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour un amateur, aller aujourd'hui au théâtre en banlieue, à Nanterre, Gennevilliers, Aubervilliers, Bobigny, Créteil ou Montreuil, est aussi naturel que de se rendre dans un théâtre parisien.Toutes ces salles subventionnées sont accessibles en métro ou en RER, ce qui n'était pas le cas en 1968.&lt;br /&gt;Les théâtres de banlieue étaient des salles municipales, qui ont connu un essor considérable dans les années 1970 grâce au soutien que le Parti communiste – majoritaire à l'époque dans la "ceinture rouge" de Paris – a apporté à la culture. Ce soutien a permis la création de salles – à Nanterre, Créteil, Bobigny, etc. – qui sont venues s'ajouter aux théâtres historiques, en particulier celui de Gennevilliers, fondé par Bernard Sobel, et le Théâtre de la Commune, à Aubervilliers, voulu par Jack Ralite et dirigé à ses débuts.&lt;br /&gt; Gabriel Garran&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2377828882607310522?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2377828882607310522/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2377828882607310522' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2377828882607310522'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2377828882607310522'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/o-teatro-em-paris-1968-2008.html' title='O teatro em Paris: 1968 - 2008'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6617082137692279044</id><published>2008-05-16T10:03:00.003Z</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:17.634Z</updated><title type='text'>Don't make me laugh!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SC1cK1ym3AI/AAAAAAAAABM/_WoWaAoLhmc/s1600-h/FUNGAGA%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5200914485990579202" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SC1cK1ym3AI/AAAAAAAAABM/_WoWaAoLhmc/s320/FUNGAGA%5B1%5D.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6617082137692279044?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6617082137692279044/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6617082137692279044' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6617082137692279044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6617082137692279044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2008/05/dont-make-me-laugh.html' title='Don&apos;t make me laugh!'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SC1cK1ym3AI/AAAAAAAAABM/_WoWaAoLhmc/s72-c/FUNGAGA%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-628529641841860606</id><published>2007-02-01T19:13:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-02-01T19:23:32.336Z</updated><title type='text'>16. L’économie de l’immatériel</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=""&gt;Relatório sobre  &lt;b&gt;L’économie de l&lt;/b&gt;’&lt;b&gt;immatériel&lt;/b&gt; entregue  em 4 de Dezembro de 2006 ao Ministro da Economia e das Finanças de França&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.finances.gouv.fr/directions_services/sircom/technologies_info/immateriel/immateriel.pdf"&gt;Leia aqui em formato pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;L’économie de l’immatériel, c’est pour moi &lt;strong&gt;l’économie du talent et  des technologies&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;du talent&lt;/em&gt;, parce que, dans l’économie de l’immatériel,  &lt;strong&gt;c’est notre capacité à créer, à inventer, à innover qui va devenir notre  principal critère de compétitivité&lt;/strong&gt; ; comme le dit la Commission,  l’enjeu, ce ne plus de faire ce que font les autres, c’est de faire ce qu’ils ne  font pas ; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;des technologies&lt;/em&gt;, parce que, de même que l’électricité fut le  moteur de la révolution industrielle, &lt;strong&gt;les technologies sont le vecteur  de la révolution de l’immatériel&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mais l’économie de l’immatériel, c’est encore plus que cela. C’est  &lt;strong&gt;une économie nouvelle qui change notre rapport au temps et aux  territoires &lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;au temps&lt;/em&gt;, pas simplement parce que tout va plus vite, mais aussi  parce que &lt;strong&gt;le temps de l’imagination et de la création, n’est pas celui  des « 3 huit » !&lt;/strong&gt; Dans l’économie de l’immatériel, on peut avoir des  idées le week-end, on peut travailler à distance, on peut être créatif même  quand on a dépassé l’âge de la retraite ! &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;aux territoires&lt;/em&gt;, et concrètement à l’espace physique, parce que  l’immatériel dessine &lt;strong&gt;un espace de réseaux sans frontières&lt;/strong&gt; et  non plus de territoires protégés. Dans l’économie de l’immatériel, par nature,  le territoire de la croissance, mais aussi de la compétition avec les autres,  est celui de la planète tout entière. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;En synthèse, je conçois donc cette&lt;strong&gt; économie nouvelle de l’immatériel  et de la connaissance autour de &lt;em&gt;4 mots clefs&lt;/em&gt;, les « &lt;em&gt;4 T&lt;/em&gt; » :  &lt;em&gt;le Talent, la Technologie, le nouveau rapport au Temps, et les nouveaux  Territoires&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Thierry BRETON&lt;br /&gt;ministre de l’Économie, des finances et de l’industrie&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-628529641841860606?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/628529641841860606/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=628529641841860606' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/628529641841860606'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/628529641841860606'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2007/02/lconomie-de-limmatriel.html' title='16. L’économie de l’immatériel'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-1002976256882898944</id><published>2007-01-13T19:13:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-01-13T19:21:10.259Z</updated><title type='text'>15. Porque fecham os teatros?</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="544"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td height="1" valign="top"&gt;&lt;a name="content"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div id="GuardianArticle"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;h1&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;It's a golden age of theatre. So why are they closing the best?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Susan Smillie&lt;br /&gt;Sunday December 10, 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  &gt;&lt;a href="http://www.observer.co.uk/"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="EN-GB"&gt;The Observer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 140px; height: 12px;" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="padding: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;I keep hearing that this is a rich time for the arts. Government funding through Arts Council England is higher than ever; years of decline in regional theatre are said to be in reverse. As cultural consumers we are reaping the rewards of years of steady cashflow with a huge choice of theatre, dance, film, music and visual arts. Just weeks ago, in Review, we were celebrating a seemingly endless run of wonderful openings. So why has one of &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;Britain&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;'s best contemporary arts centres - the Gardner Arts Centre, a respected and much loved &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Brighton&lt;/st1:place&gt; venue - just announced it is to shut in April?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;I worked at the &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Gardner&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; for five years, helping to present its national and international programme - the likes of Peter Brook, the Young Vic, Mark Ravenhill, Forced Entertainment, Theatre de Complicite, the Cholmondeleys and Featherstonehaughs. Rachel Whiteread's sculptures stood in the gallery while in the studio, locals and university students took classes ranging from sculpture to jazz, and youth theatre groups worked on their next performances.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;I looked after both companies and audiences, and was well placed to witness the effect that the programme had on the wide range of people who saw it. The &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Gardner&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; is an exciting, often truly moving, place to be. The ethos of the venue is experimental and unstuffy, despite being housed in an eccentric, grade II listed building; it has had site-specific theatre companies take over the space, with actors in the auditorium and audiences on stage, performances on the roof, in cars, outside, on the internet. In an industry where audiences for live theatre are generally older, middle-class and white, the &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Gardner&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; regularly attracts crowds of young people that most venues would kill to get.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;The artistic output, always of a high standard, has gone from strength to strength, and the venue was recently recognised by the Arts Council for its 'commitment to presenting and supporting the best emerging companies'. While it has been a regular stop on the circuit of seasoned theatregoers for years, it also reaches out to new audiences. One memory I cherish is of the crowds of burly blokes who came night after night in 2001 to see the brilliant Brighton Till I Die. Sellout audiences of football fans delivered a standing ovation nightly, wiping tears on their sleeves, unselfconsciously reaching across the stage boundary to shake hands with the actors. We talk about breaking barriers in theatre; in this case the barriers were not so much broken as pulled out of the grass, booted into the air and kicked out of the ground.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;So why is it closing? As always, it comes down to money. Over 50 per cent of its income is generated from box office, sponsorship and hires, but any company that supports emerging artists and encourages new audiences requires - and deserves - public funding. This beautiful, iconic Sixties building, designed by Sir Basil Spence, is no longer fit for purpose. Rectifying this requires £6m; redeveloping the venue for it to thrive in future years will take it into double figures.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;There is funding for some of this, but the shortfall needs to be made up by the venue's landlord, the &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;University&lt;/st1:placetype&gt; of &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Sussex&lt;/st1:placename&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, which appears unwilling or unable to stump up. The venue's headaches don't end there: Brighton &amp; Hove City Council is moving £30,000 a year from the &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Gardner&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; to venues in the city centre. As a result, Arts Council England has to withdraw funding, which relies on those two partners to match it.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Professor Alasdair Smith, vice-chancellor of the &lt;st1:placetype st="on"&gt;University&lt;/st1:placetype&gt; of &lt;st1:placename st="on"&gt;Sussex&lt;/st1:placename&gt;, says the &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Gardner&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; has been a 'beacon for theatre and the arts for the local community' and that 'for the future, we will want this remarkable building, the Gardner Centre itself, to play an important part in the life of the university'. It's astounding that the university doesn't recognise the value in keeping this thriving, internationally respected arts venue on its doorstep. The education sector, like the arts sector, is undoubtedly squeezed by ungenerous government budgets, but even so, this seems a short-sighted move.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Thanks largely to the experience, intuition and artistic courage of the venue's programmer, Claire Soper, the Gardner has built a first-class reputation. It stands for all that an arts venue should be - risk taking, finding and supporting the next Mark Ravenhill or Peter Brook. Its loss will be a calamity, not only for Brighton and Hove, but for the &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;UK&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;'s arts industry as a whole.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Jon Harris - a producer at Shared Experience, which will take its next show, Kindertransport, to the Gardner in its final season - summed up how many will feel about the venue's closure: 'This is really bad news for a wonderful venue which provides such a good service to its community.' Lloyd Newson, founder and artistic director of DV8 physical theatre says, 'It's a tragedy it's closing.'&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;Mark Ravenhill, sounding a warning to other venues, believes that after a period of increased arts funding, 'this year has felt tougher. There's a sense that we're edging into a period of possible retraction and instability.'&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;It's vital for the arts to make their case, and for audiences and participants in arts activities to be public about their support for their arts facilities, or they will find they won't have them.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;In a statement last week from the &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Gardner&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;, Deborah Grubb, chair of the board, says: 'To struggle on would, in our view, inevitably lead to a messy, unplanned closure.' What's important, apparently, is ending the affair with dignity; without making an embarrassing scene. I say to hell with dignity - this is a vibrant venue, an investor in people with an important history, and it should have a bright future. Get out and fight for the place. I'm more than ready to get down to Sussex University with a placard and a bunch of angry performance artists to demonstrate to the university just what it is about to lose.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-1002976256882898944?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/1002976256882898944/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=1002976256882898944' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1002976256882898944'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/1002976256882898944'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2007/01/15-porque-fecham-os-teatros.html' title='15. Porque fecham os teatros?'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2618003430145564794</id><published>2007-01-13T18:48:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-01-13T18:56:34.059Z</updated><title type='text'>14. A filantropia e o mecenato - um interessante artigo de Christopher Ondaatje</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="size32"&gt;Giving it all away&lt;/h1&gt;    &lt;p class="size22"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.newstatesman.com/writers/christopher_ondaatje" class="greytext"&gt;Christopher Ondaatje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="ISI_IGNORE"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="first"&gt;The government must encourage the rich to help fund the arts&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span class="ISI_IGNORE"&gt;          &lt;div class="captioned-pic-left"&gt;      &lt;img src="http://images.newstatesman.com/resource/23298" alt="" height="179" width="215" /&gt;           &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;      &lt;p&gt;Philanthropy has long played an important role in the British art world. The gifts of great private collections helped create our national museums: Hans Sloane for the British Museum; John Julius Angerstein for the National Gallery. Later, individuals helped to fund the building and development of arts institutions. One example was Henry Tate, the great sugar refiner, who purchased the site and paid for the construction on Millbank of the first National Gallery of British Art (later renamed the Tate Gallery), which opened in 1897. The National Portrait Gallery (1896) gained a site thanks to a donation from W H Alexander. In the inter-war years, gifts from the international art dealer Joseph Duveen created extensions for the Tate Gallery, the British Museum and the National Portrait Gallery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In more recent years, philanthropy has contributed to the development of collections: in the Nineties, Sir Edward Manton laid the foundations for a collection fund at Tate Britain, and in 1985 Sir Paul Getty gave an extraordinary gift of £50m to the National Gallery which created an acquisitions support fund. At the National Portrait Gallery, recent donations by the Drue Heinz Foundation, the Weston family, the Wolfson Foundation and the Djanogly family, and my own contribution in 1996, transformed and extended the building with the Ondaatje Wing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With my family donation of £1m to the Portrait Fund, announced last month, I hope to help take public philanthropy to a new level. The fund itself was established with two generous legacies, by the late Lord Sieff, a former gallery trustee, and Viscountess Eccles. It has already made a difference to the gallery's ability to acquire works - £50,000 was provided towards acquisition of the John Donne portrait last summer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Portrait Fund is essential to the gallery if the collection is to continue to evolve. In this current climate of diminishing government funding, there is much debate about ensuring that British national collections can develop as they should. The launch of the fund is a timely reminder that the private sector can make a considerable difference to the health of museums in Britain today, as well as prevent the exodus of valuable art to other countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are enormous differences in culture, structure and attitude between Great Britain and the United States regarding philanthropy. If the government wishes to encourage a more active culture of giving in this country, it should study these differences - particularly as a new generation of wealthy donors in England is now seeking to leave its mark on the public sphere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a recent conference organised by the Institute for Philanthropy, the institute's director, Hilary Browne-Wilkinson, argued that Britain's strong tradition of Victorian philanthropy was replaced after the Second World War by the welfare state. The problem has been that, since 1979, voters have refused to countenance high taxation. As she said, "With diminished government funding, we must turn to other means of supporting public purposes - philanthropy being one; another being the revenue creation of charity itself." She provided some helpful statistics: as a percen tage of GDP, individual charitable giving in the US is more than double that in the UK. In 2002, $183.7bn was given, which represented 1.75 per cent of GDP. Using the same measure for the same year, UK individual giving was £7.3bn, or 0.76 per cent of GDP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So, why do Americans give more? Theirs is a country where people make money and realise that they have a responsibility to give money away in order to keep the system going. Giving money away helps them to feel part of the community, and this is reflected in the causes to which they give. Religion (including local charities) gets 45 per cent of donations: university and alumni giving only 1.4 per cent. In Britain, on the other hand, 13 per cent goes to religion, while 17 per cent goes to medical research, 14.4 per cent to children and 9.5 per cent to animals. Few UK donations are devoted to the community.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are also enormous differences between &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; Americans and British people give: 77 per cent of all collection methods in the UK are spontaneous, looking for loose change. In the United States, there is a culture of "planned giving", which provides 61 per cent of the voluntary income of non-profit organisations. One critical factor is tax incentives. According to the biweekly US &lt;em&gt;Chronicle of Philanthropy&lt;/em&gt;, 54 per cent of the richest US donors said that they give for the tax benefits. In Britain, the charity, rather than the individual, receives most of the refund under Gift Aid. As a result, many potential donors do not feel that the system gives them a tax break.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition, gifts of capital and assets in Britain do not attract an allowance similar to that on gifts of shares. A recent review published by the Treasury recommended a tax allowance to encourage getting more art into museums, but sadly nothing was done to implement this recommendation. When similar proposals were made by the Art Fund before the last Budget, they were apparently supported by Treasury officials, but then killed on the grounds that it was wrong to give tax benefits to the rich. Unfortunately, however, without obvious and understandable tax benefits, the rich in Britain are unlikely to put as much back into the community as Americans do.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;"Planned giving" is vital to the US economy and it encourages individuals to feel a sense of responsibility for the welfare of others in their locality. It could be just as vital to Britain, but the government, and the Treasury in particular, must learn how to encourage a culture of philanthropic giving and must recognise that public interest lies in promoting self-interest. The government must encourage individuals in the private sector to show some leadership by sharing responsibility for running certain sectors of the state. With the changing political scene, there could not be a better time for this to happen. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sir Christopher Ondaatje is a trustee of the National Portrait Gallery&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Publicado na Newstatement em Janeiro de 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2618003430145564794?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2618003430145564794/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2618003430145564794' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2618003430145564794'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2618003430145564794'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2007/01/filantropia-e-o-mecenato-um.html' title='14. A filantropia e o mecenato - um interessante artigo de Christopher Ondaatje'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7661280926030769984</id><published>2007-01-02T23:59:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-01-03T00:09:01.889Z</updated><title type='text'>13. Portugal: o perfil do sector cultural</title><content type='html'>Council of Europe / ERICarts&lt;br /&gt;"Compendium of Cultural  Policies and Trends in Europe, 7th edition" 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.culturalpolicies.net/portugal.htm"&gt;Veja aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7661280926030769984?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7661280926030769984/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7661280926030769984' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7661280926030769984'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7661280926030769984'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2007/01/14-portugal-o-perfil-do-sector-cultural.html' title='13. Portugal: o perfil do sector cultural'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3807417185725848689</id><published>2007-01-02T23:29:00.000Z</published><updated>2007-01-02T23:51:10.799Z</updated><title type='text'>12. Uma notícia publicada no New York Times sobre o livro "Culture in America". As diferenças entre a França e os EUA, segundo Frédéric Martel</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="timestamp"&gt;December 26, 2006&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;h1&gt;American Culture's French Connection &lt;/h1&gt; &lt;div class="byline"&gt;By &lt;a title="More Articles by Alan Riding" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/alan_riding/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;ALAN  RIDING&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="articleBody"&gt; &lt;p&gt;PARIS, Dec. 25 — Since World War II the French have been variously surprised,  dismayed, irritated and outraged by the power of American culture and its effect  on &lt;a title="More news and information about France." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/france/index.html?inline=nyt-geo"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;  and the world. Their only consolation has been the conviction that French  culture is superior to anything that Walt Disney or Hollywood can offer.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;What France's cultural elites have rarely done, however, is examine how both  serious and pop culture actually work in the United States. Rather, in the view  of Frédéric Martel, a Frenchman and author of a recently released book on the  topic, they have preferred to hide behind "a certain ideological  anti-Americanism." &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Now Mr. Martel, 39, a former French cultural attaché in Boston, has set out  to change this. In "Culture in America," a 622-page tome weighty with  information, he challenges the conventional view here that (French) culture  financed and organized by the government is entirely good and that (American)  culture shaped by market forces is necessarily bad. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"My first idea was to compare France and the United States," he recalled,  "but when I arrived in America, I realized things were much more complicated.  The United States is a continent, and you can't compare a continent with a small  country or a decentralized country with one that is highly centralized." &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;As a result this book deals only with creativity and arts financing in the  United States. But perhaps surprisingly, given the mixture of fear and disdain  that American culture stirs among many French intellectuals, his approach is not  polemical. He neither defends nor attacks the United States; he simply describes  the American way of culture. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"The idea is to see how a 'counter-model' works," he explained over tea in a  Paris hotel. "If the aim is to fight American cultural 'imperialism,' we need to  know it from the inside. If we want to modernize our own system, which needs new  resources, it is useful to see how things can function without huge public  investment." &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The news media's response to "Culture in America" suggests there is room for  debate. One weekly, L'Express, said the book offered food for thought. Another,  Le Nouvel Observateur, compared it favorably to Bernard-Henri Lévy's recent  overview, "American Vertigo: Traveling America in the Footsteps of Tocqueville,"  noting that Mr. Martel provides facts rather than impressions. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Reviewing the book in Le Monde, Michel Guerrin and Emmanuel de Roux also said  its strength lay in its emphasis on investigation over opinion. And another  article in Le Monde took the American cultural statistics collected by Mr.  Martel and compared them with similar figures for France. Its unexpected  conclusion was that measured per capita the cultural infrastructures in the two  countries were roughly similar. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first half of "Culture in America" — the title echoes Tocqueville's own  "Democracy in America" — is built around a question that puzzles some French:  Why doesn't the United States have a Culture Ministry?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;One traditional answer is that culture ministries threaten artistic freedom.  Yet Mr. Martel demonstrates that Washington does in fact have a record of  cultural activism: through the Works Progress Administration, with its theater,  writers and art projects, under President &lt;a title="More articles about Franklin Delano Roosevelt." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/franklin_delano_roosevelt/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Franklin  D. Roosevelt&lt;/a&gt;; through the Kennedy White House's embrace of artists; and in  the creation of the &lt;a title="More articles about National Endowment for The Arts" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/n/national_endowment_for_the_arts/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;National  Endowment for the Arts &lt;/a&gt;in 1965.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mr. Martel then tracks the so-called culture wars, beginning with the  cancellation of a Robert Mapplethorpe photography exhibition at the &lt;a title="More articles about Corcoran Gallery of Art" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/c/corcoran_gallery_of_art/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;Corcoran  Gallery of Art&lt;/a&gt; in Washington in 1989 over concerns about its explicit  content, which led to Congressional campaigning against the National Endowment  for the Arts. Even today the endowment's budget is far below mid-1980s levels  and, at just under $125 million for 2006, is roughly what the French government  gave the Paris National Opera this year. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Still, what really intrigues Mr. Martel is how American culture flourishes  despite the indifference or hostility of major government institutions. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;And that leads him to the crucial role played by nonprofit foundations,  philanthropists, corporate sponsors, universities and community organizations,  which in practice do receive indirect government support in the form of tax  incentives. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"If the Culture Ministry is nowhere to be found," he writes, "cultural life  is everywhere."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;He felt reassured by this. He first visited the United States in 1999 — to  promote an earlier book, "The Pink and the Black: Homosexuals in France Since  1968" — and he was still very much a neophyte when he arrived in Boston in 2000.  After studying the history of American culture in libraries and private  archives, he set out to discover American culture as it is being lived today.  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"I spent all my vacations traveling," he said. "I counted up over 700  interviews in 110 cities in 35 states. American universities were a revelation:  French universities don't play an important cultural role. I reached out to  gays, feminists, Latinos, avant-garde, counterculture. I gave priority to  visiting black communities in every major city, attending associations, street  theater, poetry clubs." &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Yet, Mr. Martel noted, the same country that embraces this extraordinary  cultural diversity is itself accused of imposing cultural uniformity on the  world. The United States was almost alone last year in voting against a  French-sponsored international convention on cultural diversity that was adopted  overwhelmingly by the &lt;a title="More articles about the United Nations." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/united_nations/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;United  Nations&lt;/a&gt; Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which is based in  Paris. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This apparent contradiction had a simple explanation at &lt;a title="More articles about United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/united_nations_educational_scientific_and_cultural_organization/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;Unesco&lt;/a&gt;:  Washington was bending to pressure from Hollywood studios, which claimed that  the convention threatened their movie and television exports. But Mr. Martel  also sees inconsistencies — actually, he prefers the word hypocrisy — in the  French position. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Americans defend cultural diversity at home and deny it abroad," he said,  "while France defends cultural diversity around the world and refuses it at  home."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;And it is here that he most wants France to learn from the United States.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"What really annoys me is the way our cultural elite uses ideology to protect  its privileges," he said. "It says that our culture defines a certain idea of  France, that the alternative is Americanization. But it's really only defending  itself against the popular classes. We cannot have 10 percent of our population  stemming from &lt;a title="More articles about immigration." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/immigration_and_refugees/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier"&gt;immigration&lt;/a&gt;  and deny them their culture."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To promote grass-roots culture, then, he wants decision making to be  deconcentrated. "The government will still finance the arts, but we don't need a  minister defining culture," he said. "We need thousands of people defining  culture. Power should flow bottom-up, not top-down. That's the debate I want to  provoke in the new year." &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;He seemed to be looking forward to a fight. "That's why my book is about  France," he said, "while being about America."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Post enviado por Rita Sá Marques&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3807417185725848689?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3807417185725848689/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3807417185725848689' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3807417185725848689'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3807417185725848689'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2007/01/uma-notcia-publicada-no-new-york-times.html' title='12. Uma notícia publicada no New York Times sobre o livro &quot;Culture in America&quot;. As diferenças entre a França e os EUA, segundo Frédéric Martel'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-5150841014852784551</id><published>2006-12-27T16:35:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-27T16:44:30.750Z</updated><title type='text'>11. Programa do Governo para a área da cultura</title><content type='html'>Aqui está algo que nunca se lê mas que faz sempre falta em casa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.min-cultura.pt/Ministerio/Programa.html"&gt;Leia aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5150841014852784551?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5150841014852784551/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5150841014852784551' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5150841014852784551'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5150841014852784551'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/13-programa-do-governo-para-rea-da.html' title='11. Programa do Governo para a área da cultura'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2747434375980007557</id><published>2006-12-27T12:42:00.001Z</published><updated>2006-12-27T16:45:35.134Z</updated><title type='text'>10. Um livro, acabado de sair,  sobre direcção de actores</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="pictosBarDoc"&gt;&lt;input id="docFontSize" value="0" type="hidden"&gt; &lt;img id="docFontSmallImg" onmouseover="'showPictoLabel(" style="display: none;" onmouseout="showPictoLabel('');" src="http://www2.blogger.com/_looks/liberation/images/Gpicto_Alphamoins.gif" height="25" width="22" /&gt; &lt;img id="docFontBigImg" onmouseover="'showPictoLabel(" style="display: none;" onmouseout="showPictoLabel('');" src="http://www2.blogger.com/_looks/liberation/images/Gpicto_Alphaplus.gif" height="25" width="27" /&gt;     &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="paragraphDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt; &lt;div class="firstPara" id="page" name="page"&gt;De quoi est faite la relation de  travail entre un metteur en scène et un acteur ? C'est à cette question que  s'efforce de répondre le livre de Sophie Proust, tiré de sa thèse sur le sujet.  Universitaire ­ elle est maître de conférence en études théâtrales à  l'université de Lille-III ­, Sophie Proust est partie de sa propre expérience :  &lt;em&gt;«En assumant la fonction de stagiaire puis d'assistante à la mise en scène,  j'ai pu observer et décrire le système de l'intérieur [...] J'ai ainsi pu passer  de la position d'observateur neutre [...] à celle d'observateur  participant.» &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="paragraphDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Témoignages. &lt;/strong&gt;Témoin  actif du processus de &lt;em&gt;«direction d'acteur», &lt;/em&gt;tel que défini par Patrice  Pavis dans son &lt;em&gt;Dictionnaire du théâtre &lt;/em&gt;(éditions Dunod) ­ la  &lt;em&gt;«manière dont le metteur en scène [...] conseille et guide ses acteurs,  depuis les premières répétitions jusqu'aux réajustements pendant les  répétitions» ­, &lt;/em&gt;l'auteur s'appuie largement sur son travail auprès de  quatre metteurs en scène &lt;em&gt;«aux approches radicalement distinctes»  : &lt;/em&gt;Matthias Langhoff, Denis Marleau, Yves Beaunesne et Bob Wilson. Mais elle  cite aussi une foule de textes et de témoignages.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="paragraphDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt;Foisonnant, son livre se garde bien  de proposer une théorie de la direction d'acteurs. Il cherche plutôt, à partir  de pratiques et de comportements très variés, à explorer la genèse de l'acte de  création. Vaste programme. &lt;em&gt;«Fondamental pour certains (Claude Régy, Denis  Marleau, Yves Beaunesne), le travail à la table est a priori inutile pour  d'autres (Stéphane Braunschweig, Klaus Michael Grüber, Matthias Langhoff, Ariane  Mnouchkine)» : &lt;/em&gt;la remarque, page 83, pourrait presque sortir du  &lt;em&gt;Dictionnaire des idées reçues de Bouvard et Pécuchet. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="paragraphDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ampleur. &lt;/strong&gt;Surtout,  l'opposition se répète sans fin : entre ceux qui veulent que les acteurs sachent  le texte avant et ceux pour qui il n'en est pas question ; ceux qui parlent  beaucoup et ceux qui ne disent presque rien ; ceux qui montent sur le plateau et  ceux qui restent dans leur fauteuil ; ceux qui interrompent et ceux qui laissent  filer. Entre les poètes et les pédagogues, les laxistes et les directifs, les  allusifs et les concrets, etc.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="paragraphDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt;L'ampleur de la tâche ne décourage  pas Sophie Proust dans son entreprise de recensement qui se refuse aux partis  pris esthétiques (ce que l'on peut regretter), tout en oubliant en chemin un  certain nombre de figures majeures : pas un mot par exemple sur Michel Bouquet,  pourtant à la pointe de la réflexion sur la direction d'acteurs, rien sur le  travail de metteurs en scène comme Claude Buchvald ou Catherine Marnas, aucune  trace des expériences menées par le groupe belge Tg Stan, ou par Jean-François  Sivadier et sa troupe...&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="paragraphDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Dédale». &lt;/strong&gt;Tant pis.  Comme le souligne Patrice Pavis dans sa préface : &lt;em&gt;«A suivre le dédale de ces  règles inapplicables, de ces directives illisibles livrées par le metteur en  scène à l'acteur (à moins que ce ne soit le contraire), le lecteur constatera  cependant qu'il a considérablement enrichi sa connaissance et sa compréhension  du phénomène théâtral.»&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;René SOLIS - Libération&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="infosDocEsp" id="page" name="page"&gt;23 décembre  2006&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="infosDoc" id="page" name="page"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sophie Proust «la Direction d'acteurs dans la mise en scène théâtrale contemporaine», éditions de l'Entretemps, 554 pp., 30 euros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2747434375980007557?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2747434375980007557/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2747434375980007557' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2747434375980007557'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2747434375980007557'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/10-um-livro-acabado-de-sair-sobre.html' title='10. Um livro, acabado de sair,  sobre direcção de actores'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7456719571757396958</id><published>2006-12-27T12:20:00.000Z</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:17.944Z</updated><title type='text'>9. Annual review 2006: Arts Council - England</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RZJmdlYE5-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/sOF5ld8z4z8/s1600-h/phpM1l9nx.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RZJmdlYE5-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/sOF5ld8z4z8/s320/phpM1l9nx.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5013181993652119522" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Os financiamentos atribuídos e as actividades financiadas em Inglaterra em 2006. Estratégias, objectivos e mais &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;facts and figures&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img class="rhsimage" alt="" src="http://www2.blogger.com/images/publications/phpM1l9nx.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;img class="rhsimage" alt="" src="http://www2.blogger.com/images/publications/phpM1l9nx.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/publications/publication_detail.php?browse=recent&amp;amp;id=544"&gt;Leia aqui &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Post enviado por Rita Sá Marques&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7456719571757396958?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7456719571757396958/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7456719571757396958' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7456719571757396958'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7456719571757396958'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/leia-aqui-post-enviado-por-rita-s.html' title='9. Annual review 2006: Arts Council - England'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RZJmdlYE5-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/sOF5ld8z4z8/s72-c/phpM1l9nx.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-6092258549212199865</id><published>2006-12-27T12:10:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-27T12:33:10.345Z</updated><title type='text'>8. Portugal: as despesas dos municípios com a cultura</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color: rgb(66, 8, 8);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"&gt;Da autoria de José Soares Neves, publicado (em pdf) pelo Observatório das Actividades Culturais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oac.pt/pdfs/DespesasMunicipiosCultura.pdf"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Leia aqui: &lt;/span&gt;Despesas dos Municípios com Cultura [1986-2003]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-6092258549212199865?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/6092258549212199865/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=6092258549212199865' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6092258549212199865'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/6092258549212199865'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/portugal-as-despesas-dos-municpios-com.html' title='8. Portugal: as despesas dos municípios com a cultura'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-4111798760546568178</id><published>2006-12-18T19:00:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-18T19:04:14.122Z</updated><title type='text'>7. Facts and figures sobre as artes performativas no Reino Unido</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.culture.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E1ACA6EA-672F-4730-AFB4-DC563EFF76A6/0/performingarts.pdf"&gt;Leia aqui &lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-4111798760546568178?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/4111798760546568178/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=4111798760546568178' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4111798760546568178'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/4111798760546568178'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/facts-and-figures-sobre-as-artes.html' title='7. Facts and figures sobre as artes performativas no Reino Unido'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-5373422595690098431</id><published>2006-12-18T13:47:00.000Z</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:18.118Z</updated><title type='text'>6. Government and the value of culture</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RYadl1YE59I/AAAAAAAAAAY/nXUET3Vwrjk/s1600-h/logo.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RYadl1YE59I/AAAAAAAAAAY/nXUET3Vwrjk/s320/logo.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5009864908805040082" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um ensaio de &lt;span id="HtmPlhHeader"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tessa Jowell&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;... &lt;/span&gt;para decorar!&lt;br /&gt;Para ler &lt;a href="http://www.culture.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/DE2ECA49-7F3D-46BF-9D11-A3AD80BF54D6/0/valueofculture.pdf"&gt;clique aqui &lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5373422595690098431?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5373422595690098431/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5373422595690098431' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5373422595690098431'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5373422595690098431'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/government-and-value-of-culture.html' title='6. Government and the value of culture'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RYadl1YE59I/AAAAAAAAAAY/nXUET3Vwrjk/s72-c/logo.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-3545473533772607582</id><published>2006-12-17T23:25:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-18T13:32:34.946Z</updated><title type='text'>5. Dados sobre a utilização dos financiamentos públicos nos teatros subvencionados em França</title><content type='html'>La gestion des théâtres subventionnés chiffrée et critiquée&lt;br /&gt;LE MONDE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C'est la première fois que l'on dispose de données chiffrées sur l'utilisation des fonds publics dans les théâtres subventionnés. Un comité de suivi avait été mis en place dans la foulée de l'accord conclu le 26 mai 2003 entre le Syndicat national des entreprises artistiques et culturelles (Syndeac), les différents syndicats d'artistes interprètes et le ministère de la culture, sur l'emploi des comédiens et des musiciens dans les centres dramatiques nationaux (CDN).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alors que tous ces établissements s'étaient engagés à consacrer au moins la moitié de leur budget à des productions de spectacles, seuls quatorze CDN atteignaient, en 2003, cette obligation. Les CDN d'Orléans, de Grenoble et de Valence faisaient ainsi figure de bons élèves en consacrant au minimum 63 % à des productions de spectacles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pourtant, la moyenne des CDN n'est pas si mauvaise : l'ensemble consacre 49,03 % à l'objectif fixé par l'accord. Ce dernier pourra être revu après trois ans d'application. Il stipule par ailleurs que la part du budget artistique d'un CDN doit être au moins égale à 85 % de ses charges d'activités, ce qui est, à six exceptions près, respecté.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En revanche, treize CDN n'arrivent pas à financer, comme ils le devraient, l'ensemble de leurs productions et coproductions (le minimum étant fixé dans l'accord à 66 % du budget artistique).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Là où il reste le plus de chemin à parcourir pour atteindre les objectifs fixés, c'est la masse salariale versée aux artistes interprètes employés à des activités de plateau (à l'exclusion du directeur). Seuls trois CDN y arrivent (Villeurbanne, Orléans et Limoges). De plus, vingt-deux CDN ne financent pas non plus le minimum d'heures travaillées par des artistes interprètes. Et quatorze CDN seulement paient un minimum de cent mois de salaires par an aux artistes interprètes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enfin, une étude complémentaire sur la mise en oeuvre de cet accord montre également que vingt et un CDN n'ont employé aucun artiste permanent en 2003. Ils ont donc uniquement fait appel à des intermittents du spectacle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DÉFICITS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Considérés comme la clé de voûte de la décentralisation dramatique, les trente et un CDN avaient reçu, en 2003, un budget moyen de 3,6 millions d'euros ­ les mieux dotés étant Lille-Tourcoing, Marseille, Nanterre, Nice, Reims,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toulouse et Villeurbanne, dont le budget excédait les 5 millions d'euros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les recettes provenant de la vente de billets restent marginales : elles se situent en moyenne à 19,31 % du budget. C'est à Montreuil qu'elles sont les plus faibles (7,49 %) et dans six autres CDN (Aubervilliers, Bordeaux, Dijon, Gennevilliers, Lille-Tourcoing et Saint-Denis), ce pourcentage est inférieur à 12 %.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enfin, sur l'ensemble de ces structures, un tiers (dix exactement) présentait un résultat déficitaire en 2003. Nice et Bordeaux étaient dans la plus mauvaise posture avec un trou de 355 000 euros pour la première et 116 000 euros pour la seconde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans l'accord, l'idée avait été évoquée de lancer un groupe de travail chargé d'étudier "les possibilités d'engagements d'artistes interprètes", sur des contrats de longue durée (dix-huit mois), et d'examiner aussi la notion de "projet artistique" invoquée par les directeurs de CDN comme motif de rupture d'un contrat avec un artiste interprète. Des sujets toujours d'actualité pour la prochaine réunion du comité de suivi prévue en juin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nicole Vulser&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-3545473533772607582?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/3545473533772607582/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=3545473533772607582' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3545473533772607582'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/3545473533772607582'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/dados-sobre-utilizao-dos-financiamentos.html' title='5. Dados sobre a utilização dos financiamentos públicos nos teatros subvencionados em França'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-2829844598435403767</id><published>2006-12-17T23:02:00.002Z</published><updated>2006-12-17T23:48:40.591Z</updated><title type='text'>4. Afinal o que é o estatuto dos intermitentes?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="FR"&gt;Définition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="FR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contrairement aux idées reçues, l’intermittence du spectacle ne constitue pas à proprement parler un statut juridique, mais un mode d’indemnisation du chômage, dérogatoire au droit commun.&lt;br /&gt;C’est une classification administrative : certaines catégories professionnelles connaissent des règlements particuliers annexes qui régissent leur accès à l’assurance chômage. C’est le cas des ouvriers et techniciens de la production cinématographique et de l’audiovisuel, qui relèvent de l’annexe VIII (protocole du 13 décembre 1964) et des artistes et techniciens du spectacle vivant, qui relèvent de l’annexe X (protocole du 12 juin 1969).&lt;br /&gt;Les « intermittents » du spectacle sont des salariés à employeurs multiples. Leur activité est le spectacle, qu’elle soit principale ou occasionnelle. Ainsi, est intermittente toute personne quel que soit le « métier » du spectacle exercé, même pour une durée très courte (ex : 1 séance de 15 minutes de jonglerie).&lt;br /&gt;En qualité de salarié, l’« intermittent » bénéficie d’un régime ASSEDIC spécifique, sous réserve de remplir 2 conditions. Les personnes concernées doivent avoir été embauchées sous contrat de travail à durée déterminée (CDD), et doivent justifier de 507 heures de travail sur les douze mois précédant la rupture de leur contrat de travail.&lt;br /&gt;Ce contrat est un CCD dit d’usage ; il peut donc être renouvelé plusieurs fois.&lt;br /&gt;Pour les artistes, l’article L 762-1 du code du travail pose le principe du salariat avec un souci de protection délibéré : ” Tout contrat par lequel une personne physique ou morale s’assure, moyennant une rémunération, le concours d’un artiste du spectacle en vue de sa production, est présumé être un contrat de travail ”. En vertu de cet article, donc, tout organisateur de spectacle est présumé comme l’employeur des artistes concernés.&lt;br /&gt;Le cachet reste la référence de la profession. En effet, le paiement d’une rémunération à un artiste représente à la fois la durée de la représentation mais aussi les temps de préparation, l’avant et l’après spectacle. Le code de la sécurité sociale, repris par l’UNEDIC pour décompter les cachets, détermine qu’un cachet isolé représente 12 heures de travail. Mais, dès lors qu’un même employeur salarie un artiste pour plus de 4 cachets consécutifs, chacun des cachets est pris en compte pour 8 heures.&lt;br /&gt;Soulignons que cet usage constitue une tolérance. En aucune manière les techniciens ne peuvent être concernés par ce mode de rémunération. Pour ceux-ci, les règles habituelles liées à la durée du travail s’appliquent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Les obligations de l’employeur&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Au vu du principe de salariat, l’employeur est lié à l’intermittent par un contrat de travail obligatoire.&lt;br /&gt;A ce titre l’employeur doit établir une feuille de paie et des déclarations sociales, quelle que soit la durée de la prestation.&lt;br /&gt;Trop souvent dans le spectacle on peut encore rencontrer le travail clandestin, dû à la complexité pour l’employeur d’effectuer toutes les démarches administratives relatives à la paye des artistes et techniciens.&lt;br /&gt;Or la déclaration du salaire est obligatoire. La non déclaration entraîne la mise hors la loi de l’employeur qui risque des pénalités importantes civiles et pénales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La non déclaration entraîne pour l’intermittent la perte de ses droits sociaux :&lt;br /&gt;- assurance maladie&lt;br /&gt;- retraite&lt;br /&gt;- formation&lt;br /&gt;- indemnisation ASSEDIC&lt;br /&gt;- congés payés&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il est donc important, pour que le spectacle vive, que l’employeur tiennent ses obligations, car il est impensable d’imaginer &lt;st1:personname productid="la Culture" st="on"&gt;la Culture&lt;/st1:personname&gt; sans artistes libres et autonomes financièrement quant à leur présent et quant à leur avenir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Quelques conseils pratiques &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vous avez l’obligation de faire un contrat de travail avec l’intermittent du spectacle. Ce contrat est un contrat à durée déterminée dit d’usage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendant le spectacle, le contrat doit rester à portée de main ( en cas de contrôle)&lt;br /&gt;N’oubliez en aucun cas d’envoyer avant le spectacle &lt;st1:personname productid="la D￩claration Unique" st="on"&gt;la Déclaration Unique&lt;/st1:personname&gt; d’Embauche (DUE) à l’URSSAF.&lt;br /&gt;Indiquer la catégorie professionnelle exacte de l’intermittent, le calcul du salaire dépend en grande partie de celle-ci.&lt;br /&gt;Pensez aux assurances, la responsabilité est engagée durant tout le spectacle.&lt;br /&gt;Conservez les doubles de tous vos documents, les caisses peuvent exercer des contrôles plusieurs années après le spectacle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;L’établissement de la feuiile de paie&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour réaliser cette feuille de salaire l’employeur doit cotiser à 6 ou 7 caisses différentes selon son statut juridique. Il existe plus de 220 « métiers » possibles et à chaque métier peuvent correspondre des taux et des abattements différents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-2829844598435403767?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/2829844598435403767/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=2829844598435403767' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2829844598435403767'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/2829844598435403767'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/afinal-o-que-o-estatuto-dos.html' title='4. Afinal o que é o estatuto dos intermitentes?'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-5487815651360822673</id><published>2006-12-17T22:55:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-17T23:48:25.667Z</updated><title type='text'>3. Diversidade cultural - uma entrevista ao economista Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=";font-family:impact,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:6;"  &gt; &lt;div class="titre"&gt;Diversité culturelle : une lutte d’exception&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:impact,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Christophe Kantcheff  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pour l’économiste Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux, la  diversité culturelle se défend à tous les niveaux, international et local, et  par la conquête de nouveaux espaces entre le marché et les institutions.  Entretien.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Professeur d’économie à l’université d’Angers,  spécialiste des questions culturelles, Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux est l’un des  initiateurs, avec Jacques Hoarau et Michel Maric, du dossier intitulé « Menaces  sur la diversité culturelle » publié par la revue « Mouvements ».&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;Pourquoi ce dossier sur la  diversité culturelle aujourd’hui ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux :&lt;/b&gt; Nous voulions que  ce dossier alimente le débat qui se déroule actuellement à l’Unesco autour de la  convention pour la diversité des contenus culturels et des expressions  artistiques qui doit être soumise au vote des États membres d’ici à la fin de  l’année. L’objectif de ce texte est de dépasser les simples déclarations  d’intention et d’obtenir un véritable texte juridique, opposable aux nouvelles  négociations sur la libéralisation des services qui ont lieu au sein de  l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et qui doivent arriver à échéance début  2006. Ajoutons que la polémique autour de la directive Bolkestein sur les  services rend la publication de ce dossier particulièrement opportune.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;Comment avez-vous conçu ce  dossier ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Dans un premier temps, quelques articles d’analyse  examinent ce que recouvre le concept de diversité culturelle et les ambiguïtés  que le terme recèle. C’est notamment le cas du point de vue strictement  économique, avec Françoise Benhamou, ou d’un point de vue plus anthropologique,  avec Stéphane Vibert. La deuxième partie du dossier présente les actions des  acteurs pour favoriser cette diversité. On revient alors à une définition plus  étroite de la diversité culturelle, défendue notamment par Pascal Rogard, le  directeur général de la Société des auteurs et compositeurs dramatiques (SACD),  qui accuse les Américains de vouloir noyer cette diversité culturelle dans des  dimensions anthropologiques qui la vident de sens d’un point de vue  opérationnel. Ce que nous voulions aussi faire apparaître, c’est que la  standardisation de la culture n’était pas une fatalité, comme en témoigne  l’entreprise Blomba au Mali ou la coopérative Co-errances en France.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;Ne regrettez-vous pas la notion  d’exception, à laquelle celle de diversité, plus consensuelle, a été  préférée ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Ce que disent les négociateurs de la convention à  l’Unesco, c’est que le terme de diversité culturelle, précisément parce qu’il  est plus consensuel, a permis d’ouvrir des portes. C’est une opportunité  médiatique pour faire passer un contenu qui restait souvent bloqué quand on  parlait d’exception. Mais ils ont conscience que ce qu’ils défendent est une  exception, c’est-à-dire exclure des accords de libre-échange la culture en  autorisant les pays à développer leurs propres politiques  culturelles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;L’une des critiques les mieux  fondées aussi bien à propos de l’exception ou de la diversité culturelles, c’est  qu’elles ne concernent que les pays du Nord...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Effectivement. L’exception ou la diversité  culturelle sont vues trop souvent comme un moyen de protéger les industries  culturelles européennes contre les États-Unis. Avant d’être une politique  culturelle, la démarche répond alors à une politique industrielle, tout à fait  légitime en tant que telle mais d’une autre nature. D’où, par exemple, la  décision de l’État français de défendre, en son temps, la fusion entre Hachette  et Vivendi Universal Publishing, au nom de la diversité culturelle, alors qu’en  réalité c’était à ses dépens. Mais il s’agissait de créer un champion national  qui allait pouvoir s’opposer aux grands groupes américains. &lt;i class="spip"&gt;A  contrario&lt;/i&gt;, l’action du réseau Europa cinémas, présentée dans ce dossier par  son directeur, Claude-Éric Poiroux, est financée par une aide européenne pour la  diffusion dans les salles de cinéma européennes de films qui ne sont ni  nationaux ni américains mais issus des autres pays de l’Europe. C’est une très  belle façon, à mes yeux, de défendre la diversité culturelle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Plus largement, pour parvenir à faire de la  diversité culturelle un enjeu mondial, c’est-à-dire à faire en sorte que les  cultures de tous les pays puissent vivre et être diffusées, les politiques sont  différentes selon qu’on se place en Afrique ou en Europe. En Europe, le problème  se situe moins au niveau de la production culturelle, qui est florissante, que  de la distribution et de la diffusion. Combien d’oeuvres peinent à atteindre  leur public ! L’enjeu est de desserrer l’étau de la distribution. Dans les pays  du Sud, l’effort doit porter sur la production culturelle, qui existe peu ou pas  du tout.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;L’article de Jean-Michel Baer sur  la politique menée par l’Union européenne (UE) en matière culturelle tire un  bilan positif de cette action. Pourtant, la directive Bolkestein vient démentir  une telle affirmation...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Jean-Michel Baer, qui a été lui-même directeur de la  culture et de l’audiovisuel à la Commission européenne, a très bien expliqué  comment les États-Unis ont essayé de négocier avec les pays qui sont rentrés  dans l’UE des traités de libre-échange dans le domaine de l’audiovisuel, et  comment l’UE a dû mettre en garde ces pays pour qu’ils ne signent pas ces  traités qui leur auraient fermé la porte de l’Europe. En tant qu’acteur de cette  politique européenne, Jean-Michel Baer défend légitimement le modèle culturel  européen, qui a tout de même permis de préserver les secteurs de l’audiovisuel.  En ce qui concerne la directive Bolkestein, il y a de toute évidence, au sein de  l’UE, des tensions permanentes entre les différentes directions. Depuis le  traité de Maastricht, un commissaire à la Culture européen défend les intérêts  culturels, qui peuvent entrer en contradiction avec les intérêts défendus par  d’autres commissaires. Cela dit, l’Europe est ce qu’elle est, c’est-à-dire à  dominante libérale, où les partisans d’une Europe du libre-échange généralisé  s’activent en permanence ­ la directive Bolkestein en est un exemple, qui fait  en sorte que la législation qui s’applique aux services soit celle du pays  d’origine, vidant ainsi de sens toutes les réglementations qui peuvent exister  au niveau national.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;En quoi les échanges gratuits de  fichiers musicaux, le « peer to peer », sont-ils intéressants en matière de  diversité culturelle ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;À côté des marchés et des institutions, se sont  créés des espaces qui prennent de plus en plus d’autonomie et ouvrent des  évolutions démocratiques passionnantes. L’analyse économique est d’ailleurs  totalement sclérosée par son incapacité à penser cet espace entre l’institution  et le marché. Le &lt;i class="spip"&gt;peer to peer&lt;/i&gt; fait partie de ces initiatives  qui montrent que des échanges peuvent se développer sans que les pouvoirs  publics ni les marchés ne puissent intervenir. Bien entendu, compte tenu de  l’évolution technologique et de ces initiatives, la question du financement de  la création reste posée.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;Des propositions en ce sens sont  faites. Mais vous dites que les pouvoirs publics ne peuvent intervenir. Sauf par  la répression...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Oui, mais étant donné l’ampleur du phénomène, il  faudra bien un jour en prendre acte. Que l’on puisse avoir accès gratuitement à  des contenus culturels, y compris dans les pays pauvres, est en soi formidable.  Cela interroge évidemment les politiques publiques qui fixent comme objectif la  démocratisation de la culture. Comment peuvent-elles aller contre sans paraître  se contredire ? C’est tout l’intérêt de la réflexion sur la politique culturelle  aujourd’hui : il faut concilier le bénéfice que peut retirer la société de la  diffusion gratuite de la culture et la nécessité de trouver des rémunérations  pour les artistes, les éditeurs et les producteurs, qui ne passeront pas  forcément par des mécanismes de droits d’auteur, mais des subventions, des  licences légales ou des mécanismes à inventer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;Ces initiatives autonomes  bénéficient des évolutions technologiques...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Oui. Les nouvelles technologies réduisent  potentiellement les coûts de production du cinéma, de l’audiovisuel ou des  enregistrements musicaux. Du coup, peuvent se créer des marchés locaux qui n’ont  pas forcément pour vocation de devenir des marchés mondiaux. On a trop tendance  à penser qu’il faut systématiser, faire école ou modèle. Cela dit, la demande de  produits culturels reste extrêmement concentrée, la concentration des chiffres  d’affaires et le formatage des goûts sont plus forts que  jamais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;La France garde une spécificité  en Europe, grâce à ses différents systèmes d’aides qui favorisent l’accès aux  cultures du monde...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Oui, c’est vrai pour le cinéma, la littérature ou  même dans les arts plastiques. On a par exemple beaucoup critiqué la politique  française en matière d’arts plastiques parce qu’elle soutient notamment, à  travers des achats, les galeries qui représentent à part égale artistes français  et étrangers. Mais ne doit-on pas plutôt se réjouir que le public français  puisse avoir accès aux oeuvres d’artistes américains, allemands ou indiens ? &lt;i class="spip"&gt;A contrario&lt;/i&gt;, les citoyens américains sont paradoxalement les  premières victimes de la politique américaine en matière culturelle car ils ont  beaucoup moins accès à la culture du monde que les Européens, et &lt;i class="spip"&gt;a  fortiori&lt;/i&gt; que les Français.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt;Quelle critique majeure peut-on  faire aux politiques culturelles françaises ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Un des diagnostics communément admis à propos des  institutions culturelles françaises, c’est la faible implication citoyenne. La  relation de consommation avec une offre et une demande est logiquement celle de  l’économie culturelle marchande, mais c’est aussi malheureusement souvent celle  de l’économie culturelle institutionnelle. Je crois que les élus tireraient  profit à faire davantage confiance aux citoyens en tant qu’acteurs de la  construction du paysage culturel local, aux initiatives qui émanent d’artistes  et de citoyens qui construisent des lieux en fonction de leurs propres  curiosités culturelles. Je pense aussi au projet de mutuelles de spectateurs que  défend le philosophe Jean-Louis Sagot-Duvauroux, faisant des spectateurs de  véritables coproducteurs. La suspicion envers les initiatives citoyennes en  matière culturelle est trop souvent le sentiment premier. Ce qui n’exclut pas,  par ailleurs, la question essentielle de la formation des publics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5487815651360822673?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5487815651360822673/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5487815651360822673' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5487815651360822673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5487815651360822673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/diversidade-cultural-uma-entrevista-ao.html' title='3. Diversidade cultural - uma entrevista ao economista Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7752714705884821678</id><published>2006-12-17T22:43:00.000Z</published><updated>2006-12-17T23:48:08.170Z</updated><title type='text'>2. Recherche et création artistique</title><content type='html'>Um dossier em pdf sobre investigação e criação artística publicado na Culture &amp;amp; Recherche.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/editions/r-cr/cr109.pdf"&gt;Leia aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7752714705884821678?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7752714705884821678/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7752714705884821678' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7752714705884821678'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7752714705884821678'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/recherche-et-cration-artistique.html' title='2. Recherche et création artistique'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-5648723381685207242</id><published>2006-12-17T22:26:00.000Z</published><updated>2008-12-08T23:30:18.355Z</updated><title type='text'>1. Denmark in the culture and experience economy</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RYXHrFYE58I/AAAAAAAAAAM/UajAKJtvocU/s1600-h/Culture.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RYXHrFYE58I/AAAAAAAAAAM/UajAKJtvocU/s320/Culture.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5009629703511009218" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um texto em pdf sobre a experiência cultural dinamarquesa e a sua relação com a economia.&lt;br /&gt;Para ler &lt;a href="http://www.kum.dk/sw8166.asp"&gt;clique aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-5648723381685207242?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/5648723381685207242/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=5648723381685207242' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5648723381685207242'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/5648723381685207242'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/denmark-in-culture-and-experience.html' title='1. Denmark in the culture and experience economy'/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/RYXHrFYE58I/AAAAAAAAAAM/UajAKJtvocU/s72-c/Culture.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6694908065828322373.post-7909836145893073721</id><published>2006-12-07T21:06:00.001Z</published><updated>2006-12-07T21:15:02.357Z</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6694908065828322373-7909836145893073721?l=materiatextual.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/feeds/7909836145893073721/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6694908065828322373&amp;postID=7909836145893073721' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7909836145893073721'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6694908065828322373/posts/default/7909836145893073721'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://materiatextual.blogspot.com/2006/12/sas.html' title=''/><author><name>cp</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11878242176548649173</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='21' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BUgJdnNgIW0/SX3g59xnHFI/AAAAAAAAAF0/ktbuQdU8kqk/S220/aa.bmp'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
